Concept
Distance de Cook
Concepts associés (5)
Leverage (statistics)
In statistics and in particular in regression analysis, leverage is a measure of how far away the independent variable values of an observation are from those of the other observations. High-leverage points, if any, are outliers with respect to the independent variables. That is, high-leverage points have no neighboring points in space, where is the number of independent variables in a regression model. This makes the fitted model likely to pass close to a high leverage observation.
Projection matrix
In statistics, the projection matrix , sometimes also called the influence matrix or hat matrix , maps the vector of response values (dependent variable values) to the vector of fitted values (or predicted values). It describes the influence each response value has on each fitted value. The diagonal elements of the projection matrix are the leverages, which describe the influence each response value has on the fitted value for that same observation.
Influential observation
In statistics, an influential observation is an observation for a statistical calculation whose deletion from the dataset would noticeably change the result of the calculation. In particular, in regression analysis an influential observation is one whose deletion has a large effect on the parameter estimates. Various methods have been proposed for measuring influence. Assume an estimated regression , where is an n×1 column vector for the response variable, is the n×k design matrix of explanatory variables (including a constant), is the n×1 residual vector, and is a k×1 vector of estimates of some population parameter .
Studentized residual
In statistics, a studentized residual is the quotient resulting from the division of a residual by an estimate of its standard deviation. It is a form of a Student's t-statistic, with the estimate of error varying between points. This is an important technique in the detection of outliers. It is among several named in honor of William Sealey Gosset, who wrote under the pseudonym Student. Dividing a statistic by a sample standard deviation is called studentizing, in analogy with standardizing and normalizing.
Donnée aberrante
vignette|Ce graphique permet de visualiser la répartition de doyens selon leur âge de décès et l'âge de décès moyen des doyens de leur époque. Le record de longévité de Jeanne Calment constitue une anomalie statistique qui continue d'intriguer les gérontologues. En statistique, une donnée aberrante (anglais outlier) est une valeur ou une observation qui est « distante » des autres observations effectuées sur le même phénomène, c'est-à-dire qu'elle contraste grandement avec les valeurs « normalement » mesurées.