Non-configurational languageIn generative grammar, non-configurational languages are languages characterized by a flat phrase structure, which allows syntactically discontinuous expressions, and a relatively free word order. The concept of non-configurationality was developed by grammarians working within Noam Chomsky's generative framework. Some of these linguists observed that the Syntactic Universals proposed by Chomsky and which required a rigid phrase structure was challenged by the syntax of some of the world's languages that had a much less rigid syntax than that of the languages on which Chomsky had based his studies.
Syntactic categoryA syntactic category is a syntactic unit that theories of syntax assume. Word classes, largely corresponding to traditional parts of speech (e.g. noun, verb, preposition, etc.), are syntactic categories. In phrase structure grammars, the phrasal categories (e.g. noun phrase, verb phrase, prepositional phrase, etc.) are also syntactic categories. Dependency grammars, however, do not acknowledge phrasal categories (at least not in the traditional sense).
Verb phraseIn linguistics, a verb phrase (VP) is a syntactic unit composed of a verb and its arguments except the subject of an independent clause or coordinate clause. Thus, in the sentence A fat man quickly put the money into the box, the words quickly put the money into the box constitute a verb phrase; it consists of the verb put and its arguments, but not the subject a fat man. A verb phrase is similar to what is considered a predicate in traditional grammars.
Syntactic StructuresSyntactic Structures is an important work in linguistics by American linguist Noam Chomsky, originally published in 1957. A short monograph of about a hundred pages, it is recognized as one of the most significant and influential linguistic studies of the 20th century. It contains the now-famous sentence "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously", which Chomsky offered as an example of a grammatically correct sentence that has no discernible meaning, thus arguing for the independence of syntax (the study of sentence structures) from semantics (the study of meaning).
SyntaxeLa syntaxe est, à l'origine, la branche de la linguistique qui étudie la manière dont les mots se combinent pour former des phrases ou des énoncés dans une langue. On distingue la syntaxe, qui concerne les expressions [les mots], de la sémantique, qui concerne ce qui est visé par les expressions [le sens, la signification/les choses]. Le terme a un sens similaire en informatique, bien qu'il s'applique à une terminologie différente.
Noam ChomskyNoam Chomsky ( ), né le à Philadelphie, est un linguiste américain. Professeur émérite de linguistique depuis 2002 au Massachusetts Institute of Technology, où il a enseigné depuis 1955, il fonde la linguistique générative. Il s'est fait connaître du grand public, à la fois dans son pays et à l'étranger, par son parcours d'intellectuel engagé de tendance socialiste libertaire et anarchiste.
