Mycobacterium leprae | EPFL Graph Search

Êtes-vous un étudiant de l'EPFL à la recherche d'un projet de semestre?

Travaillez avec nous sur des projets en science des données et en visualisation, et déployez votre projet sous forme d'application sur GraphSearch.

Découvrez-en plus sur les applications Graph.

Mycobacterium leprae (also known as the leprosy bacillus or Hansen's bacillus) is one of the two species of bacteria that cause Hansen’s disease (leprosy), a chronic but curable infectious disease that damages the peripheral nerves and targets the skin, eyes, nose, and muscles. It is an acid-fast, Gram-positive, rod shaped bacterium and an obligate intracellular parasite, which means, unlike its relative Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it cannot be grown in cell-free laboratory media. This is likely due to gene deletion and decay that the genome of the species has experienced via reductive evolution, which has caused the bacterium to depend heavily on its host for nutrients and metabolic intermediates. It has a narrow host range and apart from humans, the only other natural hosts are nine-banded armadillo and red squirrels. The bacteria infect mainly macrophages and Schwann cells, and are typically found congregated as a palisade. Mycobacterium leprae was sensitive to dapsone as a treatment alone, but since the 1960's, it has developed resistance against this antibiotic. Currently, a multidrug treatment (MDT) is recommended by the World Health Organization, including dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine. The species was discovered in 1873 by the Norwegian physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen, and was the first bacterium to be identified as a cause of disease in humans. Mycobacterium leprae is an intracellular, pleomorphic, non-sporing, non-motile, acid-fast, pathogenic bacterium. It is an aerobic bacillus (rod-shaped bacterium) with parallel sides and round ends, surrounded by the characteristic waxy coating of mycolic acid unique to mycobacteria. It is Gram-positive by Gram staining, but Mycobacterium leprae was traditionally stained with carbol fuchsin in the Ziehl–Neelsen stain. Because the bacilli are less acid-fast than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the Fite-Faraco staining method, which has a lower acid concentration, is used now. In size and shape, it closely resembles MTB.

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Publications associées (71)

Personnes associées (7)

Unités associées (1)

Concepts associés (15)

Séances de cours associées (9)

Development and validation of a multiplex real-time qPCR assay using GMP-grade reagents for leprosy diagnosis

Stewart Cole, Charlotte Avanzi, Thyago Leal Calvo

Author summaryLeprosy is a chronic dermato-neurological disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, an obligate intracellular bacterium. Diagnosis of leprosy often relies on skin examinations for clinical

PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE2022

Mycobacterium leprae diversity and population dynamics in medieval Europe from novel ancient genomes

Stewart Cole, Charlotte Avanzi, Philippe Busso

Background Hansen's disease (leprosy), widespread in medieval Europe, is today mainly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions with around 200,000 new cases reported annually. Despite its long hi

BMC2021

A new paradigm for leprosy diagnosis based on host gene expression

Stewart Cole, Andrej Benjak, Charlotte Avanzi, Philippe Busso, Thyago Leal Calvo

Author summary Despite effective treatment, leprosy is still a significant public health issue in more than 120 countries, with more than 200 000 new cases yearly. The disease is caused mainly by Myco

PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE2021

Bactérie

Le terme bactérie est un nom vernaculaire qui désigne certains organismes vivants microscopiques et procaryotes présents dans tous les milieux. Le plus souvent unicellulaires, elles sont parfois pluricellulaires (généralement filamenteuses), la plupart des espèces bactériennes ne vivant pas individuellement en suspension, mais en communautés complexes adhérant à des surfaces au sein d'un gel muqueux (biofilm). vignette|200px|Coques à gauche, Spirillum au centre, bacille à droite.

Pathogenic bacteria

Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. Most species of bacteria are harmless and are often beneficial but others can cause infectious diseases. The number of these pathogenic species in humans is estimated to be fewer than a hundred. By contrast, several thousand species are part of the gut flora present in the digestive tract.

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium leprae (ou bacille de Hansen) est la bactérie responsable de la lèpre chez l'homme (et le tatou). C'est un bacille intracellulaire, pléomorphique (le plus souvent en forme de bâtonnet), acido-alcoolo-résistant, à métabolisme aérobie. Il apparaît en microscopie optique (après coloration de Ziehl-Neelsen) sous forme d'amas ou de chaînettes. Il a été mis en évidence en 1873 par le médecin norvégien Gerhard Armauer Hansen qui le cherchait dans des lésions cutanées d'un patient atteint de lèpre.

Explore les machines moléculaires dans les voies de contrôle de la qualité des protéines mycobactériennes, en se concentrant sur la dégradation, les protéases et la dégradation dépendante de la pupylation.

Explore la conception et la fonctionnalité des ouvertures architecturales, en mettant l'accent sur le contrôle de la lumière naturelle et les considérations matérielles.

Explore la définition de la santé, les défis de santé mondiale, les principales causes de décès, les maladies infectieuses émergentes et les agents pathogènes spécifiques.