History of the Afghan Armed Forces (2002–2021)After the formation of the Karzai administration in late 2001, the Afghan Armed Forces were gradually reestablished by the United States and its allies. Initially, a new land force, the Afghan National Army (ANA), was created, whose planned size grew from 70,000 in 2002 to, eventually, a target of 194,000 set in mid-2011. The army's air arm, the Afghan National Army Air Corps, later split off to become an independent branch, the Afghan Air Force (AAF). The Afghan Army and Air Force were supervised by the Afghan Ministry of Defence.
ZamindawarZamindawar is a historical region of Afghanistan. It is a very large and fertile valley the main sources for irrigation is the Helmand River. Zamindawar is located in the greater territory of northern Helmand and encompasses the approximate area of modern-day Baghran, Musa Qala, Naw Zad, Kajaki and Sangin districts. It was a district of hills, and of wide, well populated, and fertile valleys watered by important tributaries of the Helmand. The principal town was Musa Qala, which stands on the banks of a river of the same name, about 60 km north of the city of Grishk.
MundigakMundigak, est un site archéologique de la province de Kandahâr en Afghanistan. Il se situe à au nord-ouest de Kandahar à proximité de Shāh Maqsūd et de la rivière Kushk-i Nakhud (un affluent de l'Arghandab). Le site a été fouille par la Mission Archéologique de l’Indus sous la direction de Jean-Marie Casal (1951-1958) Mundigak est une large cité préhistorique issue de la période de transition harappéenne qui s'est développée au sein de la culture du bassin de l'Helmand.
NimrozNimruz or Nimroz (Balochi: ; Dari: ) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the southwestern part of the country. It lies to the east of the Sistan and Baluchestan Province of Iran and north of Balochistan, Pakistan, also bordering the Afghan provinces of Farah and Helmand. It has a population of about 186,963 people. The province is divided into five districts, encompassing about 649 villages. The city of Zaranj serves as the provincial capital and Zaranj Airport, which is located in that city, serves as a domestic airport for the province.
Kajaki DamThe Kajaki Dam is "an earth and rockfill embankment type dam" located on the Helmand River in the Kajaki District of Helmand Province in Afghanistan, about northwest of Kandahar. It has a hydroelectric power station, which is operated by the Helmand and Arghandab Valley Authority through the Ministry of Energy and Water. Kajaki Dam has a dual function, to provide electricity and to irrigate some or of an otherwise arid land. Water discharging from the dam traverses some 300 miles (500 km) of downstream irrigation canals feeding farmland.
SubuktigînSubuktugîn, transcrit aussi par Sabuktagin ou Sebük Tigin (né vers 942 et mort en août 997), est le fondateur de l'empire et de la dynastie des Ghaznévides dans ce qui est l'Afghanistan aujourd'hui. Subuktugîn naquît à Barskhan. Esclave d'origine turque, il épousa la fille de son maître Alptegîn, le gouverneur des Samanides de Ghaznî, lui succéda comme gouverneur en 977 et se libéra bientôt de la suzeraineté des Samanides en décadence. En 986, il défit le râja Jayapâla qui régna sur Kaboul, Lâhore et Bathinda.
PopalzaiPopalzai or Popalzay (پوپلزی), also known as Popal, are Durrani (formerly called Abdali or Bor Tareen) Pashtuns of Afghanistan. The Popalzai are part of the Zirak confederation of Pashtun tribes. The origin of the Abdali forefathers of the Sadozai tribe is probably the Hephthalites. The forefathers of Ahmad Shāh Durrānī, the founder of the Durrani Empire, were from the Sadozai tribe which is a subtribe of the Popalzai. According to Mohan Lal, the Zirak line begins with Sulaiman Zirak Khan, who was the father of Popalzai, Barakzai, and Alakozai.
BarakzaiBārakzai (بارکزی, Bārakzay; plur. بارکزي, Bārakzī) is the name of a Pashtun tribe from present-day, Kandahar, Afghanistan. '"Barakzai" is a common name among the Pashtuns and it means "son of Barak" in Pashto. According to the Encyclopædia Iranica, "In the detailed Pashtun genealogies there are no fewer than seven instances of the ethnic name Bārakzī, at very different levels of tribal segmentation. Six of them designate simple lineages within six different tribes located in the Solaymān mountains or adjacent lands.
SaffaridesLa dynastie des Saffarides de Perse gouverne un éphémère empire centré sur le Seistan, une région frontalière entre l'Afghanistan et l'Iran actuels, entre 861 et 1003. La capitale des Saffarides est située à Zarandj dans l'actuel Afghanistan. La dynastie est fondée par Ya`qûb ben Layth as-Saffâr, un homme d'origine modeste qui commence obscurément sa vie comme chaudronnier dans l'est de l'Iran, d'où son qualificatif de ( صفار saffâr, ), qui donne son nom à la dynastie.
HotakiLes Hotaki sont une dynastie des Ghilzai, l'une des principales confédérations du peuple pachtoune. Originaire de la région de Kandahar, elle fonde un empire éphémère qui gouverne le sud de l'Afghanistan et une partie de l'Iran dans la première moitié du . La dynastie est fondée par Mirwais Khan, qui se révolte contre les Séfévides en 1709 et assassine le gouverneur de Kandahar Gurgin Khan. Les armées successives envoyées par les Séfévides ne parviennent pas à mater cette rébellion.
