Agence de la santé publique du CanadaL’Agence de la santé publique du Canada (Public Health Agency of Canada en anglais) est une agence du Gouvernement du Canada qui est responsable pour la santé publique, les préparations pour les urgences et la réponse aux catastrophes nationales et le contrôle des maladies infectieuses et chroniques. L'agence fut formée par un Ordre en Conseil en 2004 et aussi par une loi qui a pris effet le . L'agence est aussi un membre du portfolio fédéral de la santé (avec Santé Canada, L'institut canadien de la recherche médicale et d'autres organisations).
John GrauntJohn Graunt (né le et mort le à Londres) est un riche mercier londonien, surtout connu pour avoir été avec son ami William Petty l'un des premiers démographes. vignette|Tables de Mortalité (1676). vignette|Frontispice des Observations on the Bills of Mortality de Graunt's (1662). Né à Londres, John Graunt est l'aîné d'une fratrie de sept enfants. Son père est un tisserand du Hampshire qui s'est établi à Londres. Au mois de , Graunt épouse Mary Scott, qui lui donne un fils (Henry) et trois filles.
Health indicatorHealth indicators are quantifiable characteristics of a population which researchers use as supporting evidence for describing the health of a population. Typically, researchers will use a survey methodology to gather information about a population sample, use statistics in an attempt to generalize the information collected to the entire population, and then use the statistical analysis to make a statement about the health of the population. Health indicators are often used by governments to guide health care policy or to make goals for improving population health.
Diseases of povertyDiseases of poverty (also known as poverty-related diseases) are diseases that are more prevalent in low-income populations. They include infectious diseases, as well as diseases related to malnutrition and poor health behaviour. Poverty is one of the major social determinants of health. The World Health Report (2002) states that diseases of poverty account for 45% of the disease burden in the countries with high poverty rate which are preventable or treatable with existing interventions.
Professional degrees of public healthThe Master of Public Health or Master of Philosophy in Public Health (MPH), Master of Science in Public Health (MSPH), Master of Medical Science in Public Health (MMSPH) and the Doctor of Public Health (DrPH), International Masters for Health Leadership (IMHL) are interdisciplinary professional degrees awarded for studies in areas related to public health. The MPH degree focuses on public health practice, as opposed to research or teaching.
Workhousethumb|L'ancienne workhouse de Ripon, dans le Yorkshire du Nord, est devenue un musée. Les workhouses (littéralement, « maisons de travail ») étaient des hospices du Royaume-Uni dont le rôle s'apparentait à de l'assistance sociale. Elles devaient permettre de subvenir aux besoins de toute personne dans l'incapacité d'y parvenir par elle-même, comme les personnes âgées, les handicapés, les « faibles d'esprit » (feeble-minded), les filles mères, etc. thumb|Hubert von Herkomer, une salle de workhouse en 1878.
American Public Health AssociationThe American Public Health Association (APHA) is a Washington, D.C.-based professional membership and advocacy organization for public health professionals in the United States. APHA is the largest professional organization of public health professionals in the United States and host the largest gathering of public health professionals in the world at their annual meeting and exhibition. In 1872, American Public Health Association was founded by a group of physicians, including Dr. Stephen Smith and Dr.
Environmental health officerAn environmental health officer (EHO; also known as a public health inspector) is responsible for carrying out measures for protecting public health, including administering and enforcing legislation related to environmental health and providing support to minimize health and safety hazards. EHOs keep water, food, air, land, facilities, and other environmental factors (factors external to a person) safe from health hazards, whether biological, chemical, or physical. They also address the related factors that impact behaviors.
Doctor of Public HealthA Doctor of Public Health (abbr. DrPH, Dr.PH. or D.P.H.; Latin doctor publica sanitas) is a doctoral degree awarded in the field of Public Health. DrPH is an advanced and terminal degree that prepares its recipients for a career in advancing public health practice, leadership, research, teaching, or administration. The first DrPH degree was awarded by Harvard Medical School in 1911. According to the United Nations, the world faces unprecedented challenges such as climate change, noncommunicable diseases, aging populations, health crises, a widening wealth gap, and the overreliance on the internet.
Foyer de contagionvignette|Les statisticiens qui examinent les données pour trouver des grappes de maladies doivent se méfier des coïncidences aléatoires qui semblent former un modèle. Dans ce diagramme de dispersion généré de manière aléatoire, des modèles semblent exister, mais ils ne se sont formés que par hasard. En particulier, les points de données aléatoires ne s'étendent pas, mais forment des clusters, ce qui donne l'impression de "points chauds" générés par une cause sous-jacente commune.
