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General anaesthetics have enjoyed long and widespread use but their molecular mechanism of action remains poorly understood. There is good evidence that their principal targets are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) such as inhibitory GABA(A) (γ ...
The possibility of changing the number of synapses may be an important asset in the treatment of neurological diseases. In this context, the synaptogenic role of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade has been previously demonstrated in Dro ...
Neocortical layer 5 (L5) pyramidal cells have at least two spike initiation zones: Na+ spikes are generated near the soma, and Ca2+ spikes at the apical dendritic tuft. These spikes interact with each other and serve as signals for synaptic plasticity. The ...
A reliable pyroMEMS igniter was successfully demonstrated based on shadow-mask evaporation of metal directly onto solid propellant drops. In this way, intimate contact between the fuel and the igniter was guaranteed. No visible degradation of the fuel was ...
Rockfall propagation areas can be determined using a simple geometric rule known as shadow angle or energy line method based on a simple Coulomb frictional model implemented in the CONEFALL computer program. Runout zones are estimated from a digital terrai ...
Fast neurotransmitter release is essential for neuron-neuron communication and is initiated by the opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels close to docked vesicles at the presynaptic active zone. The high concentration of Ca2+ channels at the active zone is ...
Inhibitory pathways are an essential component in the function of the neocortical microcircuitry. Despite the relatively small fraction of inhibitory neurons in the neocortex, these neurons are strongly activated due to their high connectivity rate and the ...
Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) is a temporally asymmetric form of Hebbian learning induced by tight temporal correlations between the spikes of pre- and postsynaptic neurons. As with other forms of synaptic plasticity, it is widely believed that ...
Computations in cortical circuits are mediated by synaptic interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and yet we know little about their activity in awake animals. Here, through single and dual whole-cell recordings combined with two-photon mi ...
Spike-frequency adaptation is known to enhance the transmission of information in sensory spiking neurons by rescaling the dynamic range for input processing, matching it to the temporal statistics of the sensory stimulus. Achieving maximal information tra ...