Two-streams hypothesisThe two-streams hypothesis is a model of the neural processing of vision as well as hearing. The hypothesis, given its initial characterisation in a paper by David Milner and Melvyn A. Goodale in 1992, argues that humans possess two distinct visual systems. Recently there seems to be evidence of two distinct auditory systems as well. As visual information exits the occipital lobe, and as sound leaves the phonological network, it follows two main pathways, or "streams".
Visual agnosiaVisual agnosia is an impairment in recognition of visually presented objects. It is not due to a deficit in vision (acuity, visual field, and scanning), language, memory, or intellect. While cortical blindness results from lesions to primary visual cortex, visual agnosia is often due to damage to more anterior cortex such as the posterior occipital and/or temporal lobe(s) in the brain.[2] There are two types of visual agnosia: apperceptive agnosia and associative agnosia. Recognition of visual objects occurs at two primary levels.
Encoding (memory)Memory has the ability to encode, store and recall information. Memories give an organism the capability to learn and adapt from previous experiences as well as build relationships. Encoding allows a perceived item of use or interest to be converted into a construct that can be stored within the brain and recalled later from long-term memory. Working memory stores information for immediate use or manipulation, which is aided through hooking onto previously archived items already present in the long-term memory of an individual.
Visual processingVisual processing is a term that is used to refer to the brain's ability to use and interpret visual information from the world around us. The process of converting light energy into a meaningful image is a complex process that is facilitated by numerous brain structures and higher level cognitive processes. On an anatomical level, light energy first enters the eye through the cornea, where the light is bent. After passing through the cornea, light passes through the pupil and then lens of the eye, where it is bent to a greater degree and focused upon the retina.
Traitement de la phraseDe façon générale, le traitement de la phrase peut être défini comme l'ensemble des mécanismes employés pour produire ou comprendre une occurrence linguistique. Le traitement de la phrase peut être étudié sous deux aspects : la production ou la compréhension. Dans ce texte, nous porterons une attention particulière à la compréhension de la phrase. Six étapes sont impliquées dans le traitement de la phrase : Une séquence acoustique est produite L’information se rend jusqu’à l’oreille Décodage de l’information acoustique Reconnaissance des mots Saisie de l’information lexicale en mémoire Ajustement de l’information en mémoire avec la séquence qui suit.
Faisceau arquéLe faisceau arqué est un ensemble de fibres axonales dites « associatives » reliant les aires de Broca et de Wernicke. Il constitue la voie dorsale du langage selon le modèle proposé par Hickock et Poeppel. Cette voie du langage intervient dans le processus phonologique, la syntaxe et l'articulation. Le faisceau arqué est une entité qui doit être distinguée des trois portions du faisceau longitudinal supérieur (SLF-I, SLF-II et SLF-III). Il présente une morphologie en forme de « C » disposé autour de la vallée sylvienne et reliant les régions temporale et frontale.
Recognition memoryRecognition memory, a subcategory of declarative memory, is the ability to recognize previously encountered events, objects, or people. When the previously experienced event is reexperienced, this environmental content is matched to stored memory representations, eliciting matching signals. As first established by psychology experiments in the 1970s, recognition memory for pictures is quite remarkable: humans can remember thousands of images at high accuracy after seeing each only once and only for a few seconds.
