Tissa, later Devanampiya Tissa, was one of the earliest kings of Sri Lanka based at the ancient capital of Anuradhapura from 307 BC to 267 BC. His reign was notable for the arrival of Buddhism in Sri Lanka under the aegis of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka the Great. The primary source for his reign is the Mahavamsa, which in turn is based on the more ancient Dipavamsa.
Tissa was the second son of Mutasiva of Anuradhapura. The Mahavamsa describes him as being "foremost among all his brothers in virtue and intelligence".
The Mahavamsa mentions an early friendship with Ashoka. Chapter IX of the chronicle mentions that "the two monarchs, Devanampiyatissa and Dharmasoka, already had been friends a long time, though they had never seen each other", Dharmasoka being an alternate name for Ashoka. The chronicle also mentions Tissa sending gifts to the mighty emperor of the Maurya; in reply Ashoka sent not only gifts but also the news that he had converted to Buddhism, and a plea to Tissa to adopt the faith as well. The king does not appear to have done this at the time, instead adopting the name Devānaṃpiya "Beloved of the Gods" and having himself consecrated King of Lanka in a lavish celebration.
Devanampiyatissa is traditionally said to have been succeeded by his younger brothers Uttiya and Mahasiva. His other brother Mahanaga, Prince of Ruhuna was the founder of the Principality of Ruhuna.
Emperor Ashoka took a keen interest in the propagation of Buddhism across the known world, and it was decided that his son, Mahinda, would travel to Sri Lanka and attempt to convert the people there. The events surrounding Mahinda's arrival and meeting with the king form one of the most important legends of Sri Lankan history.
According to the Mahavamsa king Devanampiyatissa was out enjoying a hunt with some 40,000 of his soldiers near a mountain called Mihintale. The date for this is traditionally associated with the full moon day of the month of Poson.
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Le Dīpavaṃsa (litt. chronicle de l'île en langue pâli), est le plus ancien document historique connu de Sri Lanka, censé avoir été rédigé au Avec le Mahavamsa, il constitue une source de récits de l'histoire ancienne du Sri Lanka et de l'Inde, en particulier de l'histoire du bouddhisme theravāda. Dîpavamsa. An Ancient Buddhist Historical Record, trad. en an. Hermann Oldenberg, Londres, 1879 “The Dîpavaṃsa; an ancient Buddhist historical record” Wilhelm Geiger, The Mahâvamsa, or The Great Chronicle of Ceylon (1912), The Ceylon Government Information Department, 1950.
vignette|250x250px|Le Grand Stupa à Anurâdhapura, Sri Lanka (autour de ) d'après le Mahavamsa. vignette|Statue de Avukana Bouddha (à partir du ). vignette|Statue en bronze doré de Tara Bodhisattva, de la période Anuradhapura (). vignette|Statue en bronze d'Avalokiteśvara. Sri Lanka, . vignette|Statue de Bouddha à , Kandy. C'est la plus grande statue de Bouddha marchant, au monde : (). Le bouddhisme Theravada est la religion de 70,2 % de la population du Sri Lanka.