Tooth ankylosis is the pathological fusion between alveolar bone and the cementum of teeth, which is a rare phenomenon in the deciduous dentition and even more uncommon in permanent teeth. Ankylosis occurs when partial root resorption is followed by repair with either cementum or dentine that unites the tooth root with the alveolar bone, usually after trauma. However, root resorption does not necessarily lead to tooth ankylosis and the causes of tooth ankylosis remain uncertain to a large extent. However, it is evident that the incident rate of ankylosis in deciduous teeth is much higher than that of permanent teeth.
Risk factors of tooth ankylosis can be generally classified into genetic factors and dental trauma. Diagnostic methods of tooth ankylosis include the use of clinical examinations, x-ray and cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT). Tooth ankylosis could have several symptoms, with decreased tooth count being the most prominent one. Factors like gender and sex may also lead to the incidence of certain signs, yet the full mechanisms have not been well evaluated. In general, the non-growing subjects and growing subjects would exhibit different signs and symptoms.
Individuals suffering from ankylosis of deciduous teeth risk of losing these teeth due to the failure of the tooth eruption during facial growth and would lead to a series of functional and esthetic problems. After diagnosis with clinical examination or CBCT image, tooth ankylosis is often treated by removing the crown of the affected tooth. Early orthodontic interception is also confirmed to be effective in promoting the recovery of the lost space as well as allowing the eruption of the teeth. It is current under the investigation of its probability being used as a prevention of tooth ankylosis.
Since ankylosis may hinder the normal development of teeth, early diagnosis and intercession is important to avoid further progression and deterioration of the situation.
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Elles ne sont pas provoquées par un traumatisme vrai mais par des micro polytraumatismes. Elles ont pour résultat l'atténuation des reliefs aux dépens des tissus durs de la dent en particulier de l'émail. Elle peut résulter d'habitudes vicieuses (cure dent, frottement de l'ongle, crayon), d'appareillages O.D.F. de crochets de prothèses mobiles mal contrôlées. On note une zone lisse vernissée souvent plane, foncée, montrant ainsi une réaction de la pulpe.
Une extraction dentaire est l'enlèvement d'une dent de la bouche. Les extractions peuvent être conseillées pour plusieurs raisons. La principale est la carie dentaire qui a détruit assez de structure de la dent pour ne plus pouvoir restaurer celle-ci. Les dents incluses, dont les dents de sagesse sont aussi extraites de façon routinière. L'extraction simple (exodontie) est un acte chirurgical qui consiste à pratiquer l'avulsion d'un organe dentaire sans anomalies de structures, de formes et de positions avec un contexte local et général non susceptible de compliquer la réalisation de l'acte.