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Concept

Instrumentation (science)

En sciences, l’instrumentation est une technique de mise en œuvre d’instruments de mesure, d’actionneurs, de capteurs, de régulateurs, en vue de créer un système d'acquisition de données ou de commande. Généralités L'instrumentation est utilisée dans divers domaines et secteurs d'activités (industrie, recherche et développement, universités). Elle va par exemple permettre :

d'automatiser ;
de faire des tests sur des produits (exemple : crash test) ;
d'observer des phénomènes (travaux pratiques dans l'éducation) ;
de simuler des vieillissements (tests répétitifs) ;
de faire des contrôles qualité (sur des chaînes de production) ;
d'alerter ou de surveiller.

La chaîne d'instrumentation se constitue de la manière suivante : Grandeur physique → Capteur → Conditionnement et Traitement du signal → Exploitation. Capteurs Capteur Le capteur va transformer une grandeur physique en signal (le plus souvent électrique) exploitable. On distingue deux grandes

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Séances de cours associées (29)

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Système de contrôle et d'acquisition de données

Un système de contrôle et d’acquisition de données en temps réel (SCADA) (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition, sigle : SCADA) est un système de télégestion à grande échelle permettant de traiter

Instrument de mesure

Un instrument de mesure (ou appareil de mesure) est un dispositif destiné à obtenir expérimentalement des valeurs qu'on puisse attribuer à une grandeur. En physique et en sciences de l’ingénieur,

Ingénierie

L'ingénierie est l'ensemble des fonctions qui mènent de la conception et des études, de l'achat et du contrôle de fabrication des équipements, à la construction et à la mise en service d'une install

ME-412: Experimental methods in engineering mechanics

This course gives an advanced treatment of experimental methods in the context of mechanics by way of example. Students will construct significant components of experimental apparatus, use their apparatus to collect data, interpret the resulting data, and write reports on the experiments.

CS-487: Industrial automation

This course consists of two parts:

architecture of automation systems, hands-on lab
handling of faults and failures in real-time systems, including fault-tolerant computing

MICRO-211: Analog circuits and systems

This course introduces the analysis and design of linear analog circuits based on operational amplifiers. A Laplace early approach is chosen to treat important concepts such as time and frequency responses, convolution, and filter design. The course is complemented with exercises and simulations.

Small Flex : Modèle d’exploitation flexible d’aménagements hydroélectriques de haute chute au fil de l’eau en Valais

Baku Mbenza

The Kraftwerk Rhone Oberwald hydropower was selected as a pilot site to analyze the possibility of running hydropower plants along a river in alpine regions during winter months. The KRO Gletsch-Oberwald hydropower facility has been operating since the beginning of 2018 is a run-of-the-river installation that has been designed without restraint and only works when the Rhone's water supply is abundant, between the May and September. The flow of the Rhone outside this range cannot be turbined and are therefore lost. The project studies the possibility of storing those debris and turbining them in order to provide peak energy despite the lack of upstream basin. These waters will be stored in the settling basin, which is used as a settling basin when flows are plentiful and will pass through holes installed between the Settling basin and the forebay. Secondly, the project studies the sediment dynamics upstream of the intake in order to establish a threshold for the use of the Settling basin as a storage unit and to define the periods during which the settling basin will be used as a sand drap. The project also lists the improvements that should be made at the instrumentation level to reduce uncertainties about the estimates made. This project is part of the activities carried out at the Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne as part of the energy transition in Switzerland (Swiss Competence Center for Energy Research - Supply of Electricity) including, in parallel, environmental monitoring activities and studies on the hydraulic machines of the plant.

2020

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Frequency fluctuations in silicon nanoresonators

Thomas Alava, Eric Sage, Luis Guillermo Villanueva Torrijo

Frequency stability is key to the performance of nanoresonators. This stability is thought to reach a limit with the resonator's ability to resolve thermally induced vibrations. Although measurements and predictions of resonator stability usually disregard fluctuations in the mechanical frequency response, these fluctuations have recently attracted considerable theoretical interest. However, their existence is very difficult to demonstrate experimentally. Here, through a literature review, we show that all studies of frequency stability report values several orders of magnitude larger than the limit imposed by thermomechanical noise. We studied a monocrystalline silicon nanoresonator at room temperature and found a similar discrepancy. We propose a new method to show that this was due to the presence of frequency fluctuations, of unexpected level. The fluctuations were not due to the instrumentation system, or to any other of the known sources investigated. These results challenge our current understanding of frequency fluctuations and call for a change in practices.

Nature Publishing Group2016

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New Measurement Method in Drug Sensing by Direct Total-Charge Detection in Voltammetry

Simone Aiassa, Sandro Carrara, Danilo Demarchi, José David González Martínez

Electrochemical biosensors are promoting point-of-care and wearable instrumentation due to their high versatility in measuring human metabolites. There is a considerable number of biological compounds that can be detected and measured through voltammetry based techniques. Voltmmetry some times requires peak identification and quantification that are non-trivial to be efficiently implemented by automatic instrumentation. To overcome the complexity of automatic peak estimation, we propose here an instrumentation circuit for edge-computing in pharmacology relying on an entirely novel measurement method via TotalCharge Detection in Cyclic voltammetry (TCDC). Namely, our TCDC method innovatively applies the coulometry measurement to the well-established voltammetry procedure. The proposed instrumentation accumulates the total charge exchanged in the faradaic process, exploiting a Nagaraj integrator as charge suppressor to fit the application-specific constraints. The work shows accurate simulations of the TCDC circuit on a set of experimental measures, acquired on paracetamol as benchmark drug. The proposed measurement technique and the developed circuit are compared to the peak detection method usually adopted in literature. The results demonstrate that the proposed system is a perfect trade-off between the doubled limit-of-detection and a tenfold reduction in measurement errors. At the same time, we eliminate any need for data oversampling and processing, promoting the TCDC as an efficient new measurement method for point-of-care and wearable monitoring of biological compounds.

IEEE2020

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