Jason-3Jason-3 is a satellite altimeter created by a partnership of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) and National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA), and is an international cooperative mission in which National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is partnering with the Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES, French space agency). The satellite's mission is to supply data for scientific, commercial, and practical applications to sea level rise, sea surface temperature, ocean temperature circulation, and climate change.
Falcon Heavyvignette|upright=2.0|La famille de lanceurs Falcon : de gauche à droite ; avec capsule Dragon ; (récupérable) avec capsule Dragon et avec un satellite, ; (récupérable) avec capsule Dragon et avec un satellite, ; (récupérable) avec capsule Dragon et avec un satellite ; ; Falcon Heavy (récupérable) ; Falcon Heavy Block 5 (récupérable). Falcon Heavy est un lanceur spatial super lourd développé par la société SpaceX.
SpaceX launch vehiclesSpaceX manufactures launch vehicles to operate its launch provider services and to execute its various exploration goals. SpaceX currently manufactures and operates the Falcon 9 Full Thrust family of medium-lift launch vehicles and the Falcon Heavy family of heavy-lift launch vehicles – both of which powered by SpaceX Merlin engines and employing VTVL technologies to reuse the first stage. As of 2020, the company is also developing the fully reusable Starship launch system, which will replace the Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy.
Falcon 9 first-stage landing testsThe Falcon 9 first-stage landing tests were a series of controlled-descent flight tests conducted by SpaceX between 2013 and 2016. Since 2017, the first stage of Falcon 9 missions has been routinely landed if the rocket performance allowed it, and if SpaceX chose to recover the stage. The program's objective was to reliably execute controlled re-entry, descent and landing (EDL) of the Falcon 9 first stage into Earth's atmosphere after the stage completes the boost phase of an orbital spaceflight.
Space launch market competitionSpace launch market competition is the manifestation of market forces in the launch service provider business. In particular it is the trend of competitive dynamics among payload transport capabilities at diverse prices having a greater influence on launch purchasing than the traditional political considerations of country of manufacture or the national entity using, regulating or licensing the launch service. Following the advent of spaceflight technology in the late 1950s, space launch services came into being, exclusively by national programs.
Barge de récupérationvignette|Of Course I Still Love You transporte la première fusée ayant atterri avec succès en mer (Falcon 9 FT étage B1021, mission CRS-8, le 8 avril 2016). Une barge de récupération autonome (en anglais autonomous spaceport drone ship, en abrégé ASDS) est un navire de haute mer dérivé d'une barge pontée, équipé de moteurs de maintien en position et d'une grande plate-forme d'atterrissage.
Falcon 9 flight 20Falcon 9 flight 20 (also known as Orbcomm OG2 M2) was a Falcon 9 space launch that occurred on 22 December 2015 at 01:29:00 UTC (21 December, 8:29:00 pm local time). It was the first time that the first stage of an orbital rocket made a successful return and vertical landing. The successful landing of the first stage at Landing Zone 1, near the launch site, was the result of a five-year technology development program to develop a reusable launch system and came on a flight test that followed the primary launch mission.
Landing Zones 1 and 2Landing Zone 1 and Landing Zone 2, also known as LZ-1 and LZ-2 respectively, are landing facilities on Cape Canaveral Space Force Station for recovering components of SpaceX's VTVL reusable launch vehicles. LZ-1 and LZ-2 were built on land leased in February 2015, on the site of the former Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 13. SpaceX built Landing Zone 2 at the facility to have a second landing pad, allowing two Falcon Heavy boosters to land simultaneously.
Merlin (moteur-fusée)Le moteur-fusée Merlin est un propulseur développé par la société américaine SpaceX et utilisé par les lanceurs Falcon 1, Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy ainsi que la Falcon 5 qui n'a jamais été lancée. Ce moteur-fusée à ergols liquides brûle de l'oxygène liquide et du RP-1 (une variante du kérosène) qui constitue le mélange le plus utilisé par les moteurs développés récemment. Le Merlin a une poussée qui est passée progressivement au fil des versions de 32 tonnes pour la version 1A de 2006 à 93 tonnes de poussée pour la version DV+ produite à partir de 2016.
Train d'atterrissagevignette|Train d'atterrissage de Boeing 777-300. vignette|Train d'atterrissage principal d'un Airbus A330. Les fonctions principales d'un train d'atterrissage consistent à permettre les évolutions au sol d'un aéronef. Ces évolutions comprennent les manœuvres de roulage entre les différents emplacements d'un aérodrome (remorquage, taxi...), la course de décollage, l'amortissement de l'impact d'atterrissage, et, grâce à un système de freinage associé, l'arrêt de l'aéronef sur une distance acceptable.
