Syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë

Le syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA) est une cause de détresse respiratoire par œdème pulmonaire lésionnel. Le SDRA est défini par l'association de quatre critères : détresse respiratoire depuis moins d'une semaine, opacités pulmonaires bilatérales sur la radiographie thoracique ou la tomodensitométrie (TDM), pas d'argument pour une cause cardiaque d'œdème pulmonaire, et hypoxémie. Le SDRA est causé par une atteinte de la membrane alvéolocapillaire, dont la capacité d'échanges gazeux chute radicalement. Ceci entraîne également un défaut de compliance pulmonaire. Cette manifestation peut apparaître dans un grand nombre de situations pathologiques avec des mécanismes différents. Il est caractérisé par une inflammation du parenchyme pulmonaire qui mène à des anomalies d'échanges de gaz avec une libération en parallèle de médiateurs inflammatoires du parenchyme pulmonaire qui causent une inflammation et une hypoxémie. Souvent une défaillance multiviscérale résulte rapid

Symptom Prediction and Mortality Risk Calculation for COVID-19 Using Machine Learning

Nahal Mansouri, Sahand Jamal Rahi

Background: Early prediction of symptoms and mortality risks for COVID-19 patients would improve healthcare outcomes, allow for the appropriate distribution of healthcare resources, reduce healthcare costs, aid in vaccine prioritization and self-isolation strategies, and thus reduce the prevalence of the disease. Such publicly accessible prediction models are lacking, however. Methods: Based on a comprehensive evaluation of existing machine learning (ML) methods, we created two models based solely on the age, gender, and medical histories of 23,749 hospital-confirmed COVID-19 patients from February to September 2020: a symptom prediction model (SPM) and a mortality prediction model (MPM). The SPM predicts 12 symptom groups for each patient: respiratory distress, consciousness disorders, chest pain, paresis or paralysis, cough, fever or chill, gastrointestinal symptoms, sore throat, headache, vertigo, loss of smell or taste, and muscular pain or fatigue. The MPM predicts the death of COVID-19-positive individuals. Results: The SPM yielded ROC-AUCs of 0.53-0.78 for symptoms. The most accurate prediction was for consciousness disorders at a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 70%. 2,440 deaths were observed in the study population. MPM had a ROC-AUC of 0.79 and could predict mortality with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 70%. About 90% of deaths occurred in the top 21 percentile of risk groups. To allow patients and clinicians to use these models easily, we created a freely accessible online interface at www. aicovid.net. Conclusion: The ML models predict COVID-19-related symptoms and mortality using information that is readily available to patients as well as clinicians. Thus, both can rapidly estimate the severity of the disease, allowing shared and better healthcare decisions with regard to hospitalization, self-isolation strategy, and COVID-19 vaccine prioritization in the coming months.

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA2021

DNA hypomethylation perturbs the function and survival of CNS neurons in postnatal animals

DNA methyltransferase I (Dnmt1), the maintenance enzyme for DNA cytosine methylation, is expressed at high levels in the CNS during embryogenesis and after birth. Because embryos deficient for Dnmt1 die at gastrulation, the role of Dnmt1 in the development and function of the nervous system could not be studied by using this mutation. We therefore used the cre/loxP system to produce conditional mutants that lack Dnmt1 in neuroblasts of embryonic day 12 embryos or in postmitotic neurons of the postnatal animal. Conditional deletion of the Dnmt1 gene resulted in rapid depletion of Dnmt1 proteins, indicating that the enzyme in postmitotic neurons turns over quickly. Dnmt1 deficiency in postmitotic neurons neither affected levels of global DNA methylation nor influenced cell survival during postnatal life. In contrast, Dnmt1 deficiency in mitotic CNS precursor cells resulted in DNA hypomethylation in daughter cells. Whereas mutant embryos carrying 95% hypomethylated cells in the brain died immediately after birth because of respiratory distress, mosaic animals with 30% hypomethylated CNS cells were viable into adulthood. However, these mutant cells were eliminated quickly from the brain within 3 weeks of postnatal life. Thus, hypomethylated CNS neurons were impaired functionally and were selected against at postnatal stages.

2001

Symptom Prediction and Mortality Risk Calculation for COVID-19 Using Machine Learning

Nahal Mansouri, Sahand Jamal Rahi

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA2021

Syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë

Noise levels during nCPAP are flow-dependent but not device-dependent

Symptom Prediction and Mortality Risk Calculation for COVID-19 Using Machine Learning

DNA hypomethylation perturbs the function and survival of CNS neurons in postnatal animals

DNA hypomethylation perturbs the function and survival of CNS neurons in postnatal animals

Noise levels during nCPAP are flow-dependent but not device-dependent

Symptom Prediction and Mortality Risk Calculation for COVID-19 Using Machine Learning