Concept
Neurogenèse
Concepts associés (23)
Subgranular zone
The subgranular zone (SGZ) is a brain region in the hippocampus where adult neurogenesis occurs. The other major site of adult neurogenesis is the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the brain. The subgranular zone is a narrow layer of cells located between the granule cell layer and hilus of the dentate gyrus. This layer is characterized by several types of cells, the most prominent type being neural stem cells (NSCs) in various stages of development.
Éminence ganglionnaire
L'éminence ganglionnaire (EG) est une structure transitoire dans le développement du système nerveux qui guide la migration des cellules et des axones. Elle est présente dans les stades embryonnaires et fœtaux du développement neural que l'on trouve entre le thalamus et le noyau caudé. L'éminence est divisée en trois régions de la zone ventriculaire ventrale du télencéphale (une éminence latérale, médiale et caudale), où elles facilitent la migration cellulaire tangentielle au cours du développement embryonnaire.
Gliogenesis
Gliogenesis is the generation of non-neuronal glia populations derived from multipotent neural stem cells. Gliogenesis results in the formation of non-neuronal glia populations from neuronal cells. In this capacity, glial cells provide multiple functions to both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Subsequent differentiation of glial cell populations results in function-specialized glial lineages.
Rostral migratory stream
The rostral migratory stream (RMS) is a specialized migratory route found in the brain of some animals along which neuronal precursors that originated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain migrate to reach the main olfactory bulb (OB). The importance of the RMS lies in its ability to refine and even change an animal's sensitivity to smells, which explains its importance and larger size in the rodent brain as compared to the human brain, as our olfactory sense is not as developed.
Facteur de croissance des fibroblastes
vignette|Structure d'un facteur de croissance de fibroblastes humain () Les facteurs de croissance des fibroblastes (ou FGF, sigle anglais de fibroblast growth factor) forment une famille comportant 23 protéines identifiées à ce jour chez l'homme (FGF1, FGF2... FGF23) . Ce sont des protéines qui activent la migration et la multiplication de cellules cibles. Ces facteurs sont généralement sécrétés par des fibroblastes.
Ventricular zone
In vertebrates, the ventricular zone (VZ) is a transient embryonic layer of tissue containing neural stem cells, principally radial glial cells, of the central nervous system (CNS). The VZ is so named because it lines the ventricular system, which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The embryonic ventricular system contains growth factors and other nutrients needed for the proper function of neural stem cells.
Brain vesicle
Brain vesicles are the bulge-like features of the early development of the neural tube in vertebrates. Vesicle formation begins shortly after anterior neural tube closure at about embryonic day 9.0 in the mouse and the fourth and fifth gestational week in human development. In zebrafish and chicken embryos, brain vesicles form by about 24 hours and 48 hours post-conception, respectively. Initially there are three primary brain vesicles: prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon.
Radial glial cell
Radial glial cells, or radial glial progenitor cells (RGPs), are bipolar-shaped progenitor cells that are responsible for producing all of the neurons in the cerebral cortex. RGPs also produce certain lineages of glia, including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Their cell bodies (somata) reside in the embryonic ventricular zone, which lies next to the developing ventricular system. During development, newborn neurons use radial glia as scaffolds, traveling along the radial glial fibers in order to reach their final destinations.
Zone sous-ventriculaire
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a region situated on the outside wall of each lateral ventricle of the vertebrate brain. It is present in both the embryonic and adult brain. In embryonic life, the SVZ refers to a secondary proliferative zone containing neural progenitor cells, which divide to produce neurons in the process of neurogenesis. The primary neural stem cells of the brain and spinal cord, termed radial glial cells, instead reside in the ventricular zone (VZ) (so-called because the VZ lines the inside of the developing ventricles).
Cellule souche neurale
Les cellules souches neurales sont des cellules souches - multipotentes et capables de s'auto-renouveler - dont le potentiel de différenciation est restreint aux types cellulaires neuraux, notamment : Neurone, Astrocyte et Oligodendrocyte. Durant l'embryogenèse, ces cellules souches neurales sont situées dans la zone ventriculaire du tube neural. Elles génèrent l'ensemble des types cellulaires nécessaires au système nerveux central (à l'exception de la microglie), par un processus appelé neurogenèse.