Occupancy

Résumé

Within the context of building construction and building codes, occupancy is the use (actual or intended) of a building (or its portion) for the shelter or support of persons, animals or property. A closely related meaning is the number of units in such a building that are rented, leased, or otherwise in use. Lack of occupancy, in this sense, is known as vacancy. Building codes It is possible to have multiple occupancies (or building uses) within one building. For example, a high-rise building can have retail stores occupying the lower levels, while the upper levels are residential. Different occupancies within a building are separated by a fire barrier with a defined fire-resistance rating. It is common for a penetration (such as a fire door) to have a fire protection rating lower than the wall fire–resistance rating in which it is installed. For example, a two-hour fire separation normally requires fire doors rated at 90 minutes. For some high challenge occupancies, the

Source officielle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupancy

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Publications associées (28)

Publications associées

Chargement

Personnes associées (5)

Personnes associées

Chargement

Unités associées (3)

Unités associées

Chargement

Concepts associés (5)

Concepts associés

Chargement

Cours associés (12)

Cours associés

Chargement

Séances de cours associées (20)

Séances de cours associées

Chargement

This thesis introduces a novel framework for the fundamental design of energy systems for neighbourhoods. The framework is based on the sequential integration of three software tools: QGIS, City Energy Analyst (CEA) and Urbio. QGIS is used to build the buildings database (construction standards, occupancy types and schedules). CEA is used to model the neighbourhood energy services (heating, cooling, domestic hot water and electricity for other uses, including EVs). Urbio is used to design in an optimized manner the energy infrastructure that supplies the neighbourhood. This framework was successfully used in the case study of the Vale de Santo António, a neighbourhood to be built by the Municipality of Lisbon within the scope of the Renda Acessível (Affordable Rent) program. The results show that the different software can be easily combined, thus demonstrating a flexible approach for planning neighbourhood energy infrastructures.

2020

Chargement

Light-Syntax Zones in Daylit Café Spaces: A Novel Method for Understanding Occupancy

Sharon Jane Gochenour

This thesis proposes a novel method for understanding occupancy in public indoor spaces by creating hybrid light-syntax zones, based on both simulated illuminance data and simulated configuration data. Yearly illuminance profiles and spatial syntax characteristics such as physical connectivity and visual integration were examined to develop zones which theoretically have similar occupancy rates to one another. To support the light-syntax zone concept, a case study was performed in a student cafe on a university campus. Occupancy and exterior light conditions were observed for thirteen days. Occupancy rates were mapped to each seat within the cafe and analyzed for correlations with the light- syntax zone data. A significant difference was found in the occupancy rates between different exterior light conditions (direct light present, rapidly changing/intermediate, diffuse light present) in the test cafe. A slight negative correlation was found between occupancy rates and integration and physical connectivity values, which seems to indicate that the cafe users are seeking out the most secluded spaces. However, higher illuminance values also show a correlation with higher occupancy ratios. Given the map of the space, it is possible that these two variables are confounded. Further studies are necessary to determine the validity of light-syntax zones as a tool for predicting relative occupancy within an indoor space.

2014

Chargement

Landscape effects on anuran pond occupancy in an agricultural countryside: barrier-based buffers predict distributions better than circular buffers

Anna Klingemann, Rodolphe Schlaepfer, Flavio Zanini

Species movement and occupancy of habitat patches are dependent on landscape permeability. Some land-use types (e.g., roads) may be barriers to animal movement. Analyses of the effect of landscape structure on patch occupancy usually use circular buffers around focal patches. The main assumption of this methodological approach is that species are affected by a particular landscape element equally in every direction from a given patch. This assumption is likely not to hold if animal movement is restricted by barriers because barriers reduce movement patterns and reshape the ideal circular buffer into a noncircular buffer. We developed a method to determine the effect of landscape variables oil the distribution of two amphibian species that explicitly takes dispersal barriers into account. We extracted landscape variables within (i) circular buffers (CB) and (ii) barrier-based buffers (BBB). BBB were produced by reducing the boundaries of CB according to major impassable barriers. The BBB approach almost doubled the explained deviance of multiple regression models in comparison with the CB approach. Moreover. CB and BBB models included different predictor variables. We Suggest that the BBB approach is more Useful than the traditional CB analyses of species-habitat relationships because ecological barriers are explicitly taken into account..

2008

Chargement