Catégorie

Safety engineering

Safety engineering is an engineering discipline which assures that engineered systems provide acceptable levels of safety. It is strongly related to industrial engineering/systems engineering, and the subset system safety engineering. Safety engineering assures that a life-critical system behaves as needed, even when components fail. Analysis techniques can be split into two categories: qualitative and quantitative methods. Both approaches share the goal of finding causal dependencies between a hazard on system level and failures of individual components. Qualitative approaches focus on the question "What must go wrong, such that a system hazard may occur?", while quantitative methods aim at providing estimations about probabilities, rates and/or severity of consequences. The complexity of the technical systems such as Improvements of Design and Materials, Planned Inspections, Fool-proof design, and Backup Redundancy decreases risk and increases the cost. The risk can be decreased to ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) or ALAPA (as low as practically achievable) levels. Traditionally, safety analysis techniques rely solely on skill and expertise of the safety engineer. In the last decade model-based approaches, like STPA (Systems Theoretic Process Analysis), have become prominent. In contrast to traditional methods, model-based techniques try to derive relationships between causes and consequences from some sort of model of the system. The two most common fault modeling techniques are called failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis (FTA). These techniques are just ways of finding problems and of making plans to cope with failures, as in probabilistic risk assessment. One of the earliest complete studies using this technique on a commercial nuclear plant was the WASH-1400 study, also known as the Reactor Safety Study or the Rasmussen Report. Failure mode and effects analysis Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a bottom-up, inductive analytical method which may be performed at either the functional or piece-part level.

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Catégories associées (19)
Fire safety
Fire safety is the set of practices intended to reduce destruction caused by fire. Fire safety measures include those that are intended to prevent the ignition of an uncontrolled fire and those that are used to limit the spread and impact of a fire. Fire safety measures include those that are planned during the construction of a building or implemented in structures that are already standing and those that are taught or provided to occupants of the building. Threats to fire safety are commonly referred to as fire hazards.
Santé et sécurité au travail
Santé et sécurité au travail désigne diverses disciplines visant à supprimer ou à limiter certains effets nuisibles du travail sur l'être humain (santé physique ou mentale centré sur la santé au travail). Ces notions, apparues relativement récemment dans le champ du droit du travail — au avec le développement industriel autour duquel s'est progressivement construit le droit du travail —, ont été mises en œuvre avec des premières mesures de protection au bénéfice des travailleurs les plus vulnérables : les femmes et les enfants.
Topics in architectural engineering
Architectural engineering or architecture engineering, also known as building engineering, is an engineering discipline that deals with the engineering systems - such as structural, mechanical, electrical, lighting, environmental, climate control, telecommunications, security, and other technologies used in buildings. From reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to the construction of resilient buildings, architectural engineers are at the forefront of addressing several major challenges of the 21st century.
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Concepts associés (32)
System safety
The system safety concept calls for a risk management strategy based on identification, analysis of hazards and application of remedial controls using a systems-based approach. This is different from traditional safety strategies which rely on control of conditions and causes of an accident based either on the epidemiological analysis or as a result of investigation of individual past accidents. The concept of system safety is useful in demonstrating adequacy of technologies when difficulties are faced with probabilistic risk analysis.
Feu
vignette|upright=1.7|Feu de bois. Le feu est la production d'une flamme et la dégradation visible d'un corps par une réaction chimique exothermique d'oxydo-réduction appelée combustion. De manière générale, le terme « feu » désigne souvent un phénomène produisant de la lumière et de la chaleur, qu'il provienne d'une combustion ou non. Le feu dans un sens plus large comprend la combustion des solides sans flamme comme lors de la combustion des braises. Combustion vignette|upright=0.5|Flamme de torche.
Masque de protection
vignette|Microturbulences de l'air lors d'une toux dans la main ou dans un masque. Un masque de protection est un dispositif destiné à protéger l'utilisateur de l'inhalation de poussières nocives, d'agents pathogènes, fumées, vapeurs, ou de gaz. Les masques existent dans une large gamme de types et de tailles utilisées par les militaires, le secteur privé et le public. Ils vont du moins cher, à usage unique, aux masques jetables réutilisables à des modèles à cartouches remplaçables.
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This course looks at the relationship between our environment - both professional and general - and our health. What hazards are associated with physical, chemical and biological pollutants? How can w
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The course presents the detection of ionizing radiation in the keV and MeV energy ranges. Physical processes of radiation/matter interaction are introduced. All steps of detection are covered, as well
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Séances de cours associées (56)
Sécurité incendie & Ingénierie: Introduction
Couvre les bases de la sécurité incendie et de l'ingénierie, y compris l'incendie conventionnel, l'incendie naturel et l'action thermique.
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Enabling simultaneous reprocessability and fire protection via incorporation of phosphine oxide monomer in epoxy vitrimer

Véronique Michaud, Valentin Rougier

The conception of epoxy thermosets with both reprocessability and flame retardancy delineates a new horizon in polymer science, offering a material solution that is not only superior in fire safety but is also environment friendly. Herein, a flame-retardan ...
Journal Mater Sci Technol2024

Fire performance evaluation of GFRP-balsa sandwich bridge decks

Niloufar Vahedi

Bridges are a critical component of national infrastructures and economies. A significant percentage of bridges built all around the world are made of reinforced concrete which according to building codes have a life span between 80-100 years. However, str ...
EPFL2022

NanoSafe III: A User Friendly Safety Management System for Nanomaterials in Laboratories and Small Facilities

Thierry Meyer, Anna Maria Novello, Alke Fink, Elina Buitrago

Research in nanoscience continues to bring forward a steady stream of new nanomaterials and processes that are being developed and marketed. While scientific committees and expert groups deal with the harmonization of terminology and legal challenges, risk ...
2021
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