Gouttière neurale

The neural groove is a shallow median groove of the neural plate between the neural folds of an embryo. The neural plate is a thick sheet of ectoderm surrounded on either side by the neural folds, two longitudinal ridges in front of the primitive streak of the developing embryo. The groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or canal, the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. After the coalescence of the neural folds over the anterior end of the primitive streak, the blastopore no longer opens on the surface but into the closed canal of the neural tube, and thus a transitory communication, the neurenteric canal, is established between the neural tube and the primitive digestive tube. The coalescence of the neural folds occurs first in the region of the hind-brain, and from there extends forward and backward; toward the end of the third week the front opening (anterior neuropore) of the tube finally closes at the anterior end of the future brain, and forms a recess which is in contact, for a time, with the overlying ectoderm; the hinder part of the neural groove presents for a time a rhomboidal shape, and to this expanded portion the term sinus rhomboidalis has been applied. Before the neural groove is closed a ridge of ectodermal cells appears along the prominent margin of each neural fold; this is termed the neural crest or ganglion ridge, and from it, the spinal and cranial nerve ganglia and the ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system are developed. By the upward growth of the mesoderm the neural tube is ultimately separated from the overlying ectoderm. The cephalic end of the neural groove exhibits several dilatations, which, when the tube is closed, assume the form of three vesicles; these constitute the three primary cerebral vesicles and correspond respectively to the future fore-brain (prosencephalon), midbrain (mesencephalon), and hind-brain (rhombencephalon).

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Neural fold

The neural fold is a structure that arises during neurulation in the embryonic development of both birds and mammals among other organisms. This structure is associated with primary neurulation, meaning that it forms by the coming together of tissue layers, rather than a clustering, and subsequent hollowing out, of individual cells (known as secondary neurulation). In humans, the neural folds are responsible for the formation of the anterior end of the neural tube.

Gouttière neurale

vignette|Schéma de la formation de la crête neurale à partir de la plaque neurale. La gouttière neurale est le sillon qui se forme par invagination de la plaque neurale au cours de la neurulation de l'embryon chez les Chordés. Cette invagination soulève les bords de la plaque neurale qui s'épaississent en bourrelets neuraux : ces deux bords du neuroectoderme se rapprochent et s'unissent ensuite jusqu'à former le tube neural. Elle correspond à l'étape intermédiaire de la neurulation qui comporte 3 stades : plaque neurale, gouttière neurale et tube neural.

Neurulation

La neurulation est une étape du développement embryonnaire des métazoaires triploblastiques au cours de laquelle se met en place le système nerveux central. Elle succède à la gastrulation. La neurulation se déroule en 2 étapes : la neurulation primaire et la neurulation secondaire. La neurulation primaire comporte : la neuralisation : apparition de la plaque neurale par façonnage du neuroépithélium courbure et invagination fusion des bourrelets et fermeture du tube neural migration La neurulation secondaire est « caudale ».

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