Concept
Dynamique et gestion des pêcheries
Concepts associés (21)
Poisson
Les poissons sont des animaux vertébrés aquatiques à branchies, pourvus de nageoires dont le corps est généralement couvert d'écailles. On les trouve abondamment aussi bien dans les eaux douces, saumâtres et de mers : on trouve des espèces depuis les sources de montagnes (omble de fontaine, goujon) jusqu'au plus profond des mers et océans (grandgousier, poisson-ogre). Leur répartition est toutefois très inégale : 50 % des poissons vivraient dans 17 % de la surface des océans (qui sont souvent aussi les plus surexploités).
Fishing industry
The fishing industry includes any industry or activity concerned with taking, culturing, processing, preserving, storing, transporting, marketing or selling fish or fish products. It is defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization as including recreational, subsistence and commercial fishing, as well as the related harvesting, processing, and marketing sectors. The commercial activity is aimed at the delivery of fish and other seafood products for human consumption or as input factors in other industrial processes.
Sustainable yield
The sustainable yield is a form of sustainability that refers to the maximum harvest that does not deplete or over-harvest where the renewable resource can not grow back. In the simplest terms, sustainable yield is the largest amount of resource that humans can take or use without causing damage or allowing for a decline to happen in the specific population. In more formal terms, the sustainable yield of natural capital is the ecological yield that can be extracted without reducing the base of capital itself, i.
Surpêche
La surpêche est la pêche excessive (légale ou illégale) ou pêche destructive de la ressource, pratiquée par l'homme sur certains poissons, crustacés ou mollusques. C'est une tendance observée dans presque toutes les pêcheries de la planète, qui préoccupe la FAO et l'ONU car menaçant la sécurité alimentaire et les équilibres écologiques marins. Selon la Banque mondiale et la FAO, en 2009 le coût de perdus (par comparaison à un scénario de pêche durable).
Stock halieutique
Fish stocks are subpopulations of a particular species of fish, for which intrinsic parameters (growth, recruitment, mortality and fishing mortality) are traditionally regarded as the significant factors determining the stock's population dynamics, while extrinsic factors (immigration and emigration) are traditionally ignored. All species have geographic limits to their distribution, which are determined by their tolerance to environmental conditions, and their ability to compete successfully with other species.
Aire marine protégée
Une aire marine protégée (AMP) est un espace délimité en mer afin d’assurer à long terme la conservation de la nature ainsi que les services écosystémiques et les valeurs culturelles qui lui sont associés. Il s'agit d'un exemple possible de stratégie de conservation utilisée dans la gestion des ressources naturelles.
Impact écologique de la pêche
L'impact écologique de la pêche est l'ensemble des effets de la pêche sur la faune et sur les sites d'exploitation des ressources, impliquant notamment la surpêche, la dynamique et gestion des pêcheries, ou encore les prises accessoires. Au cours du , la pêche a pris beaucoup d'ampleur, la demande mondiale en poissons et crustacés se faisant de plus en plus forte. Cela a mené à une surexploitation de certaines espèces, qui continue encore de nos jours, faute de solution idéale.
Marine conservation
Marine conservation, also known as ocean conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas through planned management in order to prevent the over-exploitation of these marine resources. Marine conservation is informed by the study of marine plants and animal resources and ecosystem functions and is driven by response to the manifested negative effects seen in the environment such as species loss, habitat degradation and changes in ecosystem functions and focuses on limiting human-caused damage to marine ecosystems, restoring damaged marine ecosystems, and preserving vulnerable species and ecosystems of the marine life.
Individual fishing quota
Individual fishing quotas (IFQs), also known as "individual transferable quotas" (ITQs), are one kind of catch share, a means by which many governments regulate fishing. The regulator sets a species-specific total allowable catch (TAC), typically by weight and for a given time period. A dedicated portion of the TAC, called quota shares, is then allocated to individuals. Quotas can typically be bought, sold and leased, a feature called transferability.
Natural resource management
Natural resource management (NRM) is the management of natural resources such as land, water, soil, plants and animals, with a particular focus on how management affects the quality of life for both present and future generations (stewardship). Natural resource management deals with managing the way in which people and natural landscapes interact. It brings together natural heritage management, land use planning, water management, bio-diversity conservation, and the future sustainability of industries like agriculture, mining, tourism, fisheries and forestry.