Royaume de KapisaLe Royaume de Kapisa, également appelé royaume de Cao par les Chinois, dans le livre des Sui, est un royaume des environs du , dont la capitale était , actuelle Begrâm (chinois Behe), appelé alors Xiuxian dudufu (aire de commande de Sudarcana), en Afghanistan. Il existe encore aujourd'hui en Afghanistan la province de Kapissa. Xuanzang le décrit dans son périple vers l'Inde qu'il atteint en 630. Il y arrive en passant par le col du Shibar et redescendant vers la capitale à environ soixante kilomètres au nord de la moderne Kaboul.
Bimaran casketThe Bimaran casket or Bimaran reliquary is a small gold reliquary for Buddhist relics that was removed from inside the stupa no.2 at Bimaran, near Jalalabad in eastern Afghanistan. When it was found by the archaeologist Charles Masson during his work in Afghanistan between 1833 and 1838, the casket contained coins of the Indo-Scythian king Azes II, though recent research by Robert Senior indicates Azes II never existed and finds attributed to his reign probably should be reassigned to Azes I.
SubuktigînSubuktugîn, transcrit aussi par Sabuktagin ou Sebük Tigin (né vers 942 et mort en août 997), est le fondateur de l'empire et de la dynastie des Ghaznévides dans ce qui est l'Afghanistan aujourd'hui. Subuktugîn naquît à Barskhan. Esclave d'origine turque, il épousa la fille de son maître Alptegîn, le gouverneur des Samanides de Ghaznî, lui succéda comme gouverneur en 977 et se libéra bientôt de la suzeraineté des Samanides en décadence. En 986, il défit le râja Jayapâla qui régna sur Kaboul, Lâhore et Bathinda.
ArianaAriana was a general geographical term used by some Greek and Roman authors of the ancient period for a district of wide extent between Central Asia and the Indus River, comprising the eastern provinces of the Achaemenid Empire that covered the whole of modern-day Afghanistan, as well as the easternmost part of Iran and up to the Indus River in Pakistan. Ariana is the Latinized form of the Ancient Greek Ἀρ(ε)ιανή (inhabitants: Ariani; Ἀρ(ε)ιανοί ), originating from the Old Persian word (Ariana) meaning 'the Land of the Aryans', similar to the use of Āryāvarta.
BahlikasThe Bahlikas (बाह्लिक; Bāhlika) were the inhabitants of Bahlika (बह्लिक, located in Bactria), mentioned in Atharvaveda, Mahabharata, Ramayana, Puranas, Vartikka of Katyayana, Brhatsamhita, Amarkosha etc. and in the ancient Inscriptions. The other variations of Bahlika are Bahli, Balhika, Vahlika, Valhika, Bahlava, Bahlam/Bahlim, Bahlayana and Bahluva. According to the Bhuvanakosha section of the Puranas, Bahlika was a Janapada located in the Udichya (Uttarapatha) division.
Butkara StupaThe Butkara Stupa (Pashto: بت کړه سټوپا) is an important Buddhist stupa near Mingora, in the area of Swat, Pakistan. It may have been built by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka, but it is generally dated slightly later to the 2nd century BCE. The stupa was enlarged on five occasions during the following centuries, every time by building over, and encapsulating, the previous structure. The stupa was excavated by an Italian mission (IsIOAO: Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente), led by archaeologist Domenico Faccenna from 1956, to clarify the various steps of the construction and enlargements.
MihiragulaMihiragula ou Mihirakula (écriture gupta: , Mi-hi-ra-ku-la ; signifiant en persan : « conçu par Mithra », Sanskrit : Mihirakula, translittération chinoise, ; également, , 大族王, Daizoku-o) est un souverain des Huns dit Alkhon. Il est Fils de Tora-māṇa. Il arrive au pouvoir vers 502. Il dirige son empire depuis sa capitale, Sagala, correspondant à l'actuelle Sialkot, au Pakistan. En 520, il rencontre le moine bouddhiste chinois Song Yun Mihiragula est décrit dans le Voyage en Occident de Xuanzang () comme un bon dirigeant qui étend son pouvoir sur les royaumes environnants.
Pradyota dynastyPradyota dynasty, also called Prthivim Bhoksyanti (lit. enjoying the earth), was a ruling dynasty of Avanti, founded by Pradyota, after his father Punika, a minister in the court of the king of Ujjaini, the northern part of the former Avanti kingdom, and placed his own son on the throne in 546 BCE. 'Pradyota or Chanda Pradyota' was the founder of the dynasty and the ruler of Avanti. Pradyota was the son of Pulika (or Punika), who is said to have killed previous King Ripunjaya of Brihadratha dynasty at Ujjain, to make his son the king.
District de PeshawarLe district de Peshawar (en ourdou : ضلع پشاور) est une subdivision administrative de la province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa au Pakistan. Il est constitué autour de sa capitale Peshawar, qui est par ailleurs le siège de la province et l'une des plus grandes villes du pays. Le district est entouré par l'agence de Mohmand et le district de Charsadda au nord, le district de Nowshera à l'ouest, l'agence d'Orakzai au sud et enfin l'agence de Khyber à l'ouest. Le district compte près de 4,3 millions d'habitants en 2017, ce qui en fait le plus peuplé de la province.
MauesMaues (Greek: Μαύης ; ΜΑΥΟΥ (epigraphic); Kharosthi: 𐨨𐨆𐨀 , , called 𐨨𐨆𐨒 , on the Taxila copper plate; also called 𐨨𐨅𐨬𐨐𐨁 𐨨𐨁𐨩𐨁𐨐 , in the Mathura lion capital inscription,) was the first Indo-Scythian king, ruling from 98/85 to 60/57 BCE. He invaded India and established Saka hegemony by conquering Indo-Greek territories. Maues's name primarily attested from his coins appear under the Gandhari form (𐨨𐨆𐨀) and the Ancient Greek form (Μαύης), both of which are variants of the same Scythian Saka language name *Mava, meaning "tiger" and "hero".
