Decompression equipment

There are several categories of decompression equipment used to help divers decompress, which is the process required to allow divers to return to the surface safely after spending time underwater at higher ambient pressures. Decompression obligation for a given must be calculated and monitored to ensure that the risk of decompression sickness is controlled. Some equipment is specifically for these functions, both during planning before the dive and during the dive. Other equipment is used to mark the underwater position of the diver, as a position reference in low visibility or currents, or to assist the diver's ascent and control the depth. Decompression may be shortened ("accelerated") by breathing an oxygen-rich "decompression gas" such as a nitrox blend or pure oxygen. The high partial pressure of oxygen in such decompression mixes produces the effect known as the oxygen window. This decompression gas is often carried by scuba divers in side-slung cylinders. Cave divers who can only return by a single route, can leave decompression gas cylinders attached to the guideline ("stage" or "drop cylinders") at the points where they will be used. Surface-supplied divers will have the composition of the breathing gas controlled at the gas panel. Divers with long decompression obligations may be decompressed inside gas filled hyperbaric chambers in the water or at the surface, and in the extreme case, saturation divers are only decompressed at the end of a project, contract, or tour of duty that may be several weeks long. Equipment for planning and monitoring decompression includes decompression tables, depth gauges, timers, surface computer software, and personal decompression computers. There is a wide range of choice. A decompression algorithm is used to calculate the decompression stops needed for a particular to reduce the risk of decompression sickness occurring after surfacing at the end of a dive. The algorithm can be used to generate decompression schedules for a particular dive profile, decompression tables for more general use, or be implemented in dive computer software.

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Tables de décompression

Les tables de décompression ou tables de plongée sont utilisées par les plongeurs afin de gérer leur remontée en surface tout en permettant à leur organisme d'éliminer l'azote emmagasiné au long de la plongée. Elles permettent à un plongeur équipé d'un scaphandre autonome de se soustraire d'une profondeur déterminée avec temps défini en limitant les risques liés à la décompression des gaz en respectant une vitesse de remontée constante et d'éventuels paliers de décompression.

Decompression equipment

Bühlmann decompression algorithm

The Bühlmann decompression set of parameters is an Haldanian mathematical model (algorithm) of the way in which inert gases enter and leave the human body as the ambient pressure changes. Versions are used to create Bühlmann decompression tables and in personal dive computers to compute no-decompression limits and decompression schedules for dives in real-time. These decompression tables allow divers to plan the depth and duration for dives and the required decompression stops.

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