Clinical research ethicsClinical research ethics are the set of relevant ethics considered in the conduct of a clinical trial in the field of clinical research. It borrows from the broader fields of research ethics and medical ethics. Guidelines for human subject research Most directly a local institutional review board oversees the clinical research ethics of any given clinical trial. The institutional review board understands and acts according to local and national law.
Beneficence (ethics)Beneficence is a concept in research ethics that states that researchers should have the welfare of the research participant as a goal of any clinical trial or other research study. The antonym of this term, maleficence, describes a practice that opposes the welfare of any research participant. According to the Belmont Report, researchers are required to follow two moral requirements in line with the principle of beneficence: do not harm and maximize possible benefits for research while minimizing any potential harm on others.
Unethical human experimentationUnethical human experimentation is human experimentation that violates the principles of medical ethics. Such practices have included denying patients the right to informed consent, using pseudoscientific frameworks such as race science, and torturing people under the guise of research. Around World War II, Imperial Japan and Nazi Germany carried out brutal experiments on prisoners and civilians through groups like Unit 731 or individuals like Josef Mengele; the Nuremberg Code was developed after the war in response to the Nazi experiments.
Étude de Tuskegee sur la syphilisL'étude de Tuskegee sur la syphilis (1932-1972) est une étude clinique menée à Tuskegee, Alabama, par des médecins américains pour mieux connaître l'évolution de la syphilis lorsqu'elle n'est pas traitée, réalisée sans en informer les sujets, sous couvert d'une prise en charge médicale par le gouvernement américain. Le Service de santé publique des États-Unis a commencé cette étude en 1932, en collaboration avec l'université Tuskegee, une université traditionnellement noire d'Alabama.
