Parti démocrate (États-Unis)

Résumé

Le Parti démocrate est un parti politique américain qui s'oppose, dans le contexte du système bipartite, au Parti républicain. Il est l'une des plus grandes organisations politiques mondiales avec plus de d'adhérents en 2020. Le Parti démocrate conçoit la société américaine comme une union des communautés de citoyens. Il veut assurer la protection égale de leurs droits particuliers, notamment pour les moins puissants. Il est donc traditionnellement la dans laquelle les minorités se retrouvent, qu'elles soient ethniques (Afro-Américains depuis le New Deal, Hispaniques et Latino-Américains, Asio-Américains), religieuses (catholiques, musulmans et juifs) ou sociologiques (intellectuels, artistes). Son principal adversaire, le Parti républicain, est considéré a contrario comme un parti White Anglo-Saxon Protestant visant à imposer la force de l'Union par le respect des valeurs centrales qui permettent la réussite des meilleurs, proche des milieux d'affaires et financiers, soutenu par

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_d%C3%A9mocrate_(%C3%89tats-Unis)

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Concepts associés (116)

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CrystalBall: Predicting and Preventing Inconsistencies in Deployed Distributed Systems

Nikola Knezevic, Dejan Kostic, Viktor Kuncak, Maysam Yabandeh

We propose a new approach for developing and deploying distributed systems, in which nodes predict distributed consequences of their actions, and use this information to detect and avoid errors. Each node continuously runs a state exploration algorithm on a recent consistent snapshot of its neighborhood and predicts possible future violations of specified safety properties. We describe a new state exploration algorithm, consequence prediction, which explores causally related chains of events that lead to property violation. This paper describes the design and implementation of this approach, termed CrystalBall. We evaluate CrystalBall on RandTree, BulletPrime, Paxos, and Chord distributed system implementations. We identified new bugs in mature Mace implementations of three systems. Furthermore, we show that if the bug is not corrected during system development, CrystalBall is effective in steering the execution away from inconsistent states at runtime.

2009

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We propose a new approach for developing and deploying distributed systems, in which nodes predict distributed consequences of their actions, and use this information to detect and avoid errors. Each node continuously runs a state exploration algorithm on a recent consistent snapshot of its neighborhood and predicts possible future violations of specified safety properties. We describe a new state exploration algorithm, consequence prediction, which explores causally related chains of events that lead to property violation. This article describes the design and implementation of this approach, termed CrystalBall. We evaluate CrystalBall on RandTree, BulletPrime, Paxos, and Chord distributed system implementations. We identified new bugs in mature Mace implementations of three systems. Furthermore, we show that if the bug is not corrected during system development, CrystalBall is effective in steering the execution away from inconsistent states at runtime.

Association for Computing Machinery2010

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L’espace-Obama : une victoire des réseaux sur les territoires

Luc Guillemot, Jacques Lévy

Spatial characteristics are more relevant than socio-economic features to distinguish Romney and Obama’s electoral bodies. A cartographic representation at county level that uses a population cartogram as a base map makes the opposition between both geographies obvious. As in 2008, big cities and other places interfacing with the outside world favoured Barack Obama, whereas outskirts and small cities primarily voted for Mitt Romney. This spatial dichotomy is not surprising considering the parties’ opposing views on the idea of society : whilst the Democrats support the idea of a society of individuals linked by solidarity, the Republicans remain based on the idea of communal groups knit by conservative norms. Obama’s geography, as well as the reforms he carried out as president, show that he is the candidate for those who reject the moral order supported by the Republicans and those who want to establish post-communitarianism in the United States of America.

2012

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