Artère pulmonaire

Résumé

Les artères pulmonaires sont des artères qui transportent le sang désoxygéné du cœur aux deux poumons. Le tronc pulmonaire (anciennement artère pulmonaire) naît du ventricule droit du cœur et se divise en deux artères pulmonaires gauche et droite, chacune se ramifiant dans le poumon correspondant. Anatomie thumb|Cœur et gros vaisseaux vus de face, montrant le tronc pulmonaire Le tronc pulmonaire est une artère située dans le thorax. Il mesure 5 cm de longueur et 30 mm de diamètre, pour une épaisseur de paroi de 1,5 mm. Trajet Le tronc pulmonaire nait de son orifice dans le ventricule droit du cœur en avant de l'aorte ascendante. Il se dirige vers le haut, la gauche et l'arrière en décrivant la moitié d'un tour de spire contre la face antérieure puis la face latérale gauche de l'aorte. Il se divise sous l'arc aortique en deux artères terminales, les artères pulmonaires droite et gauche. Rapports Avec l'aorte ascendante, le tronc pulmonaire est cont

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%A8re_pulmonaire

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Considerations for analysis of endothelial shear stress and strain in FSI models of atherosclerosis

Lydia Aslanidou, Fotios Savvopoulos

Atherosclerosis is a lipid driven chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by the formation of plaques at predilection sites. These predilection sites (side branches, curved segments, and bifurcations) have often been associated with disturbed shear stress profiles. However, in addition to shear stress, endothelial cells also experience artery wall strain that could contribute to atherosclerosis progression. Herein, we describe a method to accurately obtain these shear stress and strain profiles. We developed a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) framework for modelling arteries within a commercially available package (Abaqus, version 6.12) that included known prestresses (circumferential, axial and pressure associated). In addition, we co-registered 3D histology to a micro-CT-derived 3D reconstruction of an atherosclerotic carotid artery from a cholesterol-fed ApoE-/-mouse to include the spatial distribution of lipids within a subject-specific model. The FSI model also incorporated a nonlinear hyperelastic material model with regionally varying properties that distinguished between healthy vessel wall and plaque. FSI predicted a lower shear stress than CFD (--12%), but further decreases in plaque regions with softer properties (--24%) were dependent on the approach used to implement the prestresses in the artery wall. When implemented with our new hybrid approach (zero prestresses in regions of lipid deposition), there was significant heterogeneity in endothelial shear stress in the atherosclerotic artery due to variations in stiffness and, in turn, wall strain. In conclusion, when obtaining endothelial shear stress and strain in diseased arteries, a careful consideration of prestresses is necessary. This paper offers a way to implement them.

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2021

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What Makes for Automatic Reconstruction of Pulmonary Segments

Bo Du, Hongwei Li, Jiancheng Yang, Li Zhang

3D reconstruction of pulmonary segments plays an important role in surgical treatment planning of lung cancer, which facilitates preservation of pulmonary function and helps ensure low recurrence rates. However, automatic reconstruction of pulmonary segments remains unexplored in the era of deep learning. In this paper, we investigate what makes for automatic reconstruction of pulmonary segments. First and foremost, we formulate, clinically and geometrically, the anatomical definitions of pulmonary segments, and propose evaluation metrics adhering to these definitions. Second, we propose ImPulSe (Implicit Pulmonary Segment), a deep implicit surface model designed for pulmonary segment reconstruction. The automatic reconstruction of pulmonary segments by ImPulSe is accurate in metrics and visually appealing. Compared with canonical segmentation methods, ImPulSe outputs continuous predictions of arbitrary resolutions with higher training efficiency and fewer parameters. Lastly, we experiment with different network inputs to analyze what matters in the task of pulmonary segment reconstruction. Our code is available at https://github.com/M3DV/ImPulSe.

SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG2022

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Pulmonary hypertension is a hemodynamic disorder defined by an abnormal elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). Current options for measuring PAP are limited in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate if electrical impedance tomography (EIT), a radiation-free and non-invasive monitoring technique, can be used for the continuous, unsupervised and safe monitoring of PAP. In 30 healthy volunteers we induced gradual increases in systolic PAP (SPAP) by exposure to normobaric hypoxemia. At various stages of the protocol, the SPAP of the subjects was estimated by transthoracic echocardiography. In parallel, in the pulmonary vasculature, pulse wave velocity was estimated by EIT and calibrated to pressure units. Within-cohort agreement between both methods on SPAP estimation was assessed through Bland-Altman analysis and at subject level, with Pearson's correlation coefficient. There was good agreement between the two methods (inter-method difference not significant (P>0.05), bias +/- standard deviation of-0.1 +/- 4.5 mmHg) independently of the degree of PAP, from baseline oxygen saturation levels to profound hypoxemia. At subject level, the median per-subject agreement was 0.7 +/- 3.8 mmHg and Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.87 (P

NATURE RESEARCH2020

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