Carence en vitamine DUne carence en vitamine D est un taux de vitamine D inférieur à la normale. Les symptômes peuvent inclure des douleurs musculaires, une faiblesse et des contractions musculaires, bien que la plupart des personnes carencées ne présentent aucun symptôme. Chez les enfants, cela peut entraîner le rachitisme, une maladie dans laquelle les os ne se minéralisent pas correctement. Chez l'adulte, il peut en résulter une ostéomalacie, éventuellement accompagnée d'une hyperparathyroïdie, voire une ostéoporose, avec un risque accru de fractures osseuses.
HypercalciuriaHypercalciuria is the condition of elevated calcium in the urine. Chronic hypercalciuria may lead to impairment of renal function, nephrocalcinosis, and chronic kidney disease. Patients with hypercalciuria have kidneys that excrete higher levels of calcium than normal, for which there are many possible causes. Calcium may come from one of two paths: through the gut where higher than normal levels of calcium are absorbed by the body or mobilized from stores in the bones.
HypermagnesemiaHypermagnesemia is an electrolyte disorder in which there is a high level of magnesium in the blood. Symptoms include weakness, confusion, decreased breathing rate, and decreased reflexes. Complications may include low blood pressure and cardiac arrest. It is typically caused by kidney failure or is treatment-induced such as from antacids that contain magnesium. Less common causes include tumor lysis syndrome, seizures, and prolonged ischemia. Diagnosis is based on a blood level of magnesium greater than 1.
Adrenal crisisAdrenal crisis is a potentially life-threatening medical condition requiring immediate emergency treatment. It is a constellation of symptoms (caused by insufficient levels of the hormone cortisol) that indicate severe adrenal insufficiency. This may be the result of either previously undiagnosed or untreated Addison's disease, a disease process suddenly affecting adrenal function (such as bleeding from the adrenal glands in Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome), suddenly stopping intake of glucocorticoids or an intercurrent problem (e.
Tertiary hyperparathyroidismTertiary hyperparathyroidism is a condition involving the overproduction of the hormone, parathyroid hormone, produced by the parathyroid glands. The parathyroid glands are involved in monitoring and regulating blood calcium levels and respond by either producing or ceasing to produce parathyroid hormone. Anatomically, these glands are located in the neck, para-lateral to the thyroid gland, which does not have any influence in the production of parathyroid hormone.
Maladie osseuse de PagetLa maladie osseuse de Paget (ou « osteitis deformans » aujourd'hui remplacé par « osteodystrophia deformans ») est une maladie osseuse chronique et localisée (à un ou plusieurs os), caractérisée par un remodelage osseux anormal et excessif, aboutissant à d'importantes anomalies de la microarchitecture osseuse, avec hyperactivité des cellules osseuses, progressive ayant pour conséquence des structures osseuses peu résistantes et hypertrophiques.
NephrocalcinosisNephrocalcinosis, once known as Albright's calcinosis after Fuller Albright, is a term originally used to describe the deposition of calcium salts in the renal parenchyma due to hyperparathyroidism. The term nephrocalcinosis is used to describe the deposition of both calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. It may cause acute kidney injury. It is now more commonly used to describe diffuse, fine, renal parenchymal calcification in radiology. It is caused by multiple different conditions and is determined by progressive kidney dysfunction.
