Building typology

Résumé

Building typology refers to the study and documentation of buildings according to their essential characteristics. In architectural discourse typological classification tends to focus on building function (use), building form, or architectural style. A functional typology collects buildings into groups such as houses, hospitals, schools, shopping centers, etc. A formal typology groups buildings according to their shape, scale, and site placement, etc. (Formal building typology is also sometimes referred to as morphology (gk. morph).) Lastly, a stylistic typology borrows from art history and identifies building types by their expressive traits, e.g. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian (subtypes of classical), baroque, rococo, gothic, arts and crafts, international, post-modern, etc. The three typological practices are interlinked. Namely, each functional type consists of many formal types. For example, the residential functional type may be sp

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_typology

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Entre la rue et la roche. Réinterprétation d’une architecture locale: fragment de ville au pied de la muraille de Bellinzone

Loris Lotti

Au cœur de la ville de Bellinzone s’élève la colline de San Michele, un véritable piédestal rocheux sur lequel se dresse l’un des trois châteaux de la cité ainsi que son impressionnante muraille (Castelgrande et Murata Sforzesca). Au pied de la face nord de la colline, une longue avenue rectiligne assure la circulation citadine, mais aussi régionale (Viale Portone). Entre la rue et la roche, un terrain, long et étroit, est actuellement occupé par des constructions disparates et dégradées qui ne profitent aucunement de leur proximité avec le promontoire et ses fortifications. Ce projet propose de le réaménager complètement par l’implantation d’un vaste complexe contenant des logements, des surfaces administratives et commerciales ainsi que de nouveaux espaces publics. Le complexe est dessiné de manière à orienter la majeure partie de l’activité de ses occupants vers la lumière du soleil, l’environnement naturel de la colline et l’impressionnant vis à vis avec le château et sa muraille. L’architecture proposée tire ses formes de la confrontation entre les traditions locales et une culture plus moderne et globale. Ainsi, des éléments caractéristiques de l’architecture autochtone – comme la coursive, le portique, l’enduit griffé ou sgraffite et le volet – s’unissent à des formes, des typologies d’habitation et des systèmes constructifs issus d’une culture plus générique.

2020

Chargement

Tomorrow's European cities are already largely built, as much of the existing building stock ¿ with a low level of energy performance ¿ will still be standing in 2050. Urban renewal processes therefore play an essential role towards their sustainable transition. In this context, Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems can potentially provide a crucial contribution to achieve current energy and mid- to long-term carbon targets based on the 2¿000-Watt society concept in Switzerland, and to fulfil the objectives of the energy turnaround for 2050. Functioning both as envelope material and electricity generator, BIPV systems can simultaneously reduce the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, while providing savings in materials and electricity costs. These are precisely the objectives of most European energy directives, from zero- to positive-energy buildings. However, despite continuous technological progress and increasingly favourable economic conditions, the significant assets of BIPV remain broadly undervalued in the current practice. Various obstacles related among others to technology choice, low demand (which induces small volume production of BIPV products), and lack of information and of aesthetically convincing renovation examples, tend to increase the costs and prevent the acceptance of BIPV solutions. Considering that BIPV can be integrated into the design process, but in a case-specific rather than in a systematic way, this thesis aims at offering support to stakeholders ¿ especially architects ¿ involved in the design process of renovation projects. Focusing on an integrated architectural design process for addressing renovation projects of residential buildings, the approach involves four main phases: (1) building stock analysis to identify representative (archetypal) situations, (2) detailed analysis of real case studies, (3) architectural design of different renovation scenarios using BIPV strategies, and (4) multi-criteria assessment of each scenario. The concrete contributions of this thesis are twofold. First, a set of integrated design strategies ¿ illustrated through real case studies ¿ is defined to promote the integration of BIPV in urban renewal processes. It integrates: (i) passive strategies, to improve the envelope through low embodied-energy materials and construction systems, (ii) BIPV strategies, using innovative photovoltaic products as a new material for façades and roofs, and (iii) active strategies, adapting heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to improve the efficiency of the BIPV installation and reduce the dependence on feed-in-tariffs to ensure the profitability of investments. Second, a multi-criteria assessment methodology is developed to compare the different intervention scenarios, based on a qualitative and quantitative approach. The proposed workflow thus allows comparing different design solutions in terms of BIPV performance, final energy balance, Life-Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Cost (LCC) of the whole renovation process. This approach shall provide architects and engineers with advanced BIPV renovation strategies that depend on the building typology, the architectural design goals, and the level of intervention, thus supporting and inspiring them towards a low-carbon built environment.

EPFL2019

Chargement

Active renovation strategies with building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Application on an early 20th century multi-family building

Sergi Aguacil Moreno

Tomorrow's cities are already largely built, as much of the existing building stock – with a low level of energy performance – will still be standing in 2050. Urban renewal processes therefore play an essential role towards the sustainable transition of European cities. In this context, building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems can potentially provide a crucial response to achieve current energy and mid- to long-term carbon targets. Functioning both as envelope material and electricity generator, BIPV systems can simultaneously reduce the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while providing savings in materials and electricity costs. These are precisely the objectives of most European energy directives, from zero- to positive-energy buildings. However, despite continuous technological progress and increasingly favourable economic conditions, the significant assets of BIPV remain broadly undervalued in the current practice. Focusing on the architectural design, this paper presents the results of a multi-criteria evaluation in terms of Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Cost (LCC) of different renovation and energy-use scenarios, showing which strategies can allow to achieve the ambitious targets for the 2050 horizon by integrating into the design process: (1) Passive strategies, to improve the envelope through low-embodied energy materials and construction systems; (2) BIPV strategies, using innovative photovoltaic products as a new construction material for façades and roofs, and by selecting the BIPV surfaces in order to synchronize on-site generation with the building consumption profile; (3) Active strategies, adapting the HVAC system to improve its efficiency and maximize PV self-consumption, thus reducing the dependence on feed-in-tariffs to ensure the profitability of investments. The research methodology, presented in this paper through the comparison of different renovation scenarios applied on a 1900’s archetype building in Neuchâtel (Switzerland), proposes a new way to address rehabilitation projects of existing buildings in urban environments towards Low Carbon Buildings. The main outcome provides - to architects and engineers - advanced BIPV renovation strategies depending on the building typology, the architectural design goals, and the level of intervention.

2020

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Active renovation strategies with building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Application on an early 20th century multi-family building

Sergi Aguacil Moreno

2020

EPFL2019