Canon à électrons

Résumé

Un canon à électrons est un dispositif permettant de produire un faisceau d'électrons. C'est l'un des composants essentiels d'un tube cathodique ou d'un instrument tel que le microscope électronique. Principe général Le principe du canon à électrons est d'extraire les électrons d'un matériau conducteur (qui en est une réserve quasiment inépuisable) vers le vide où ils sont accélérés par un champ électrique. Le faisceau d'électrons ainsi obtenu est traité par la colonne électronique qui en fait une sonde fine balayée sur l'échantillon. Il existe deux familles de canon à électrons selon le principe utilisé pour extraire les électrons :

l'émission thermoïonique, avec les filaments de tungstène et pointes LaB6 ;
l'émission par effet de champ. Il existe également un principe intermédiaire : la source Schottky à émission de champ, de plus en plus employée.

Suivant ces distinctions et le mode de fonctionnement, les canons à électrons ont des propriétés et des caractér

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_%C3%A0_%C3%A9lectrons

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DESIGN AND RESULTS OF A TIME RESOLVED SPECTROMETER FOR THE 5 MeV PHOTO-INJECTOR PHIN

Daniel Egger, Öznur Mete

The CLIC Test Facility 3 (CTF3) drive beam injector should provide high intensity and high quality electron beams. The present installation relies on a thermionic gun followed by a complexRF bunching system. As an upgrade to improve the beam emittance and the energy spread and to minimize the beam losses, a photo-injector is being developed and tested at CERN. One of the major challenges is to provide a 3.5A beam with a stable (0.1%) beam energy over 1.2 μs and a relative energy spread smaller than 1%. A 90◦ spectrometer line consisting of a segmented dump and an Optical Transition Radiation screen has been built in order to study these issues. The following paper describes its design and shows performances during the beam commissioning.

2010

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PERFORMANCE OF THE PHIN HIGH CHARGE PHOTO INJECTOR

Daniel Egger, Öznur Mete

The high charge PHIN photo injector is studied at CERN as an electron source for the CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) drive beam as an alternative to the present thermionic gun. The objective of PHIN is to demonstrate the feasibility of a laser-based electron source for CLIC. The photo injector operates with a 2.5 cell, 3 GHz RF gun using a Cs2Te photocathode illuminated by UV laser pulses generated by amplifying and frequency quadrupling the signal from a Nd:YLF oscillator running at 1.5GHz. The challenge is to generate a beam structure of 1908 micro bunches with 2.33nC per micro bunch at 1.5GHz leading to a high integrated train charge of 4446nC and nominal beam energy of 5.5MeV with current stability below 1%. In this paper we report and discuss the time resolved transverse and longitudinal beam parameters measurements. The performance of the photo cathodes made at CERN with a peak quantum efficiency of 18 % is shown as well. Laser pointing and amplitude stability results are discussed taking into account correlation between laser and electron beam.

2010

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High temporal resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques have shown significant progress in recent years. Using photoelectron pulses induced by ultrashort laser pulses on the cathode, these methods can probe ultrafast materials processes and have revealed numerous dynamic phenomena at the nanoscale. Most recently, the technique has been implemented in standard thermionic electron microscopes that provide a flexible platform for studying material's dynamics over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. In this study, the electron pulses in such an ultrafast transmission electron microscope are characterized in detail. The microscope is based on a thermionic gun with a Wehnelt electrode and is operated in a stroboscopic photoelectron mode. It is shown that the Wehnelt bias has a decisive influence on the temporal and energy spread of the picosecond electron pulses. Depending on the shape of the cathode and the cathode-Wehnelt distance, different emission patterns with different pulse parameters are obtained. The energy spread of the pulses is determined by space charge and Boersch effects, given by the number of electrons in a pulse. However, filtering effects due to the chromatic aberrations of the Wehnelt electrode allow the extraction of pulses with narrow energy spreads. The temporal spread is governed by electron trajectories of different length and in different electrostatic potentials. High temporal resolution is obtained by excluding shank emission from the cathode and aberration-induced halos in the emission pattern. By varying the cathode-Wehnelt gap, the Wehnelt bias, and the number of photoelectrons in a pulse, tradeoffs between energy and temporal resolution as well as beam intensity can be made as needed for experiments. Based on the characterization of the electron pulses, the optimal conditions for the operation of ultrafast TEMs with thermionic gun assembly are elaborated. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elsevier Science Bv2016

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Elsevier Science Bv2016