A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance or resonant behavior. That is, it naturally oscillates with greater amplitude at some frequencies, called resonant frequencies, than at other frequencies. The oscillations in a resonator can be either electromagnetic or mechanical (including acoustic). Resonators are used to either generate waves of specific frequencies or to select specific frequencies from a signal. Musical instruments use acoustic resonators that produce sound waves of specific tones. Another example is quartz crystals used in electronic devices such as radio transmitters and quartz watches to produce oscillations of very precise frequency.
A cavity resonator is one in which waves exist in a hollow space inside the device. In electronics and radio, microwave cavities consisting of hollow metal boxes are used in microwave transmitters, receivers and test equipment to control frequency, in place of the tuned circuits which are used at lower frequencies. Acoustic cavity resonators, in which sound is produced by air vibrating in a cavity with one opening, are known as Helmholtz resonators.
A physical system can have as many resonant frequencies as it has degrees of freedom; each degree of freedom can vibrate as a harmonic oscillator. Systems with one degree of freedom, such as a mass on a spring, pendulums, balance wheels, and LC tuned circuits have one resonant frequency. Systems with two degrees of freedom, such as coupled pendulums and resonant transformers can have two resonant frequencies. A crystal lattice composed of N atoms bound together can have N resonant frequencies. As the number of coupled harmonic oscillators grows, the time it takes to transfer energy from one to the next becomes significant. The vibrations in them begin to travel through the coupled harmonic oscillators in waves, from one oscillator to the next.
The term resonator is most often used for a homogeneous object in which vibrations travel as waves, at an approximately constant velocity, bouncing back and forth between the sides of the resonator.
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A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance or resonant behavior. That is, it naturally oscillates with greater amplitude at some frequencies, called resonant frequencies, than at other frequencies. The oscillations in a resonator can be either electromagnetic or mechanical (including acoustic). Resonators are used to either generate waves of specific frequencies or to select specific frequencies from a signal. Musical instruments use acoustic resonators that produce sound waves of specific tones.
La résonance est un phénomène selon lequel certains systèmes physiques (électriques, mécaniques) sont sensibles à certaines fréquences. Un système résonant peut accumuler une énergie, si celle-ci est appliquée sous forme périodique, et proche d'une fréquence dite « fréquence de résonance ». Soumis à une telle excitation, le système va être le siège d'oscillations de plus en plus importantes, jusqu'à atteindre un régime d'équilibre qui dépend des éléments dissipatifs du système, ou bien jusqu'à une rupture d'un composant du système.
La radiodiffusion est l'émission de signaux par l'intermédiaire d'ondes électromagnétiques destinées à être reçues directement par le public en général et s'applique à la fois à la réception individuelle et à la réception communautaire. Ce service peut comprendre des émissions sonores, des émissions de télévision ou d'autres genres d'émission. Il s'agit d'une forme de radiocommunication. Le terme radio est souvent utilisé pour toute la chaîne de conception et de réalisation d'émissions de radio, la transmission avec les émetteurs radio et la réception au travers des postes de radio.
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