Concept
Diversité spécifique
Concepts associés (15)
Alpha diversity
In ecology, alpha diversity (α-diversity) is the mean species diversity in a site at a local scale. The term was introduced by R. H. Whittaker together with the terms beta diversity (β-diversity) and gamma diversity (γ-diversity). Whittaker's idea was that the total species diversity in a landscape (gamma diversity) is determined by two different things, the mean species diversity in sites at a more local scale (alpha diversity) and the differentiation among those sites (beta diversity).
Diversité bêta
La diversité bêta (diversité-β) est une mesure de la biodiversité qui consiste à comparer la diversité des espèces entre écosystèmes ou le long de gradients environnementaux. Cela suppose de comparer le nombre de taxons qui sont uniques à chacun des écosystèmes. C'est le taux de variation en composition d'espèces dans l'ensemble des habitats ou parmi des communautés. Cela donne une mesure quantitative de la diversité des communautés des environnements changeants.
Measurement of biodiversity
Conservation biologists have designed a variety of objective means to empirically measure biodiversity. Each measure of biodiversity relates to a particular use of the data. For practical conservationists, measurements should include . For others, a more economically defensible definition should allow the ensuring of continued possibilities for both adaptation and future use by humans, assuring environmental sustainability. As a consequence, biologists argue that this measure is likely to be associated with the variety of genes.
Diversity index
A diversity index is a quantitative measure that reflects how many different types (such as species) there are in a dataset (a community), and that can simultaneously take into account the phylogenetic relations among the individuals distributed among those types, such as richness, divergence or evenness. These indices are statistical representations of biodiversity in different aspects (richness, evenness, and dominance).
Gamma diversity
In ecology, gamma diversity (γ-diversity) is the total species diversity in a landscape. The term was introduced by R. H. Whittaker together with the terms alpha diversity (α-diversity) and beta diversity (β-diversity). Whittaker's idea was that the total species diversity in a landscape (γ) is determined by two different things, the mean species diversity in sites at a more local scale (α) and the differentiation among those sites (β).
Global biodiversity
Global biodiversity is the measure of biodiversity on planet Earth and is defined as the total variability of life forms. More than 99 percent of all species that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 2 million to 1 trillion, but most estimates are around 11 million species or fewer. About 1.74 million species were databased as of 2018, and over 80 percent have not yet been described.
Community (ecology)
In ecology, a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area at the same time, also known as a biocoenosis, biotic community, biological community, ecological community, or life assemblage. The term community has a variety of uses. In its simplest form it refers to groups of organisms in a specific place or time, for example, "the fish community of Lake Ontario before industrialization".
Habitat (écologie)
Lhabitat est un concept utilisé dans le domaine de l'écologie. Un habitat réunit l'ensemble des êtres vivants et leurs interactions (biocénose) et l'ensemble des éléments physiques ou chimiques (biotope). Certaines espèces clés ou facilitatrices jouent un rôle dans la création et l'entretien de l'habitat (coraux pour les récifs coralliens par exemple). L'habitat est aussi un ensemble d'éléments de l'écologie du paysage qui constituent l'environnement biophysique et offrent les ressources naturelles suffisantes pour permettre à une population d'une espèce de vivre et se reproduire normalement sur ce territoire.
Species evenness
Species evenness describes the commonness or rarity of a species; it requires knowing the abundance of each species relative to those of the other species within the community. Abundance values can be difficult to obtain. Area-based counts, distance methods, and mark–recapture studies are the three general categories of methods for estimating abundance. Species evenness is combined with species richness, (the number of species in the community), in order to determine species diversity, which is an important measure of community structure.
Espèce
vignette| redresse=1.2| L'espèce est l'unité de base de la classification du vivant. Dans les sciences du vivant, l’espèce (du latin species, « type » ou « apparence ») est le taxon de base de la systématique. La définition la plus communément admise est celle du concept biologique : une espèce est un ensemble d'individus qui peuvent effectivement ou potentiellement se reproduire entre eux et engendrer une descendance viable et féconde, dans des conditions naturelles.