Estrogen insensitivity syndromeEstrogen insensitivity syndrome (EIS), or estrogen resistance, is a form of congenital estrogen deficiency or hypoestrogenism which is caused by a defective estrogen receptor (ER) – specifically, the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) – that results in an inability of estrogen to mediate its biological effects in the body. Congenital estrogen deficiency can alternatively be caused by a defect in aromatase, the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of estrogens, a condition which is referred to as aromatase deficiency and is similar in symptomatology to EIS.
Complete androgen insensitivity syndromeComplete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) is an AIS condition that results in the complete inability of the cell to respond to androgens. As such, the insensitivity to androgens is only clinically significant when it occurs in individuals who are exposed to significant amounts of testosterone at some point in their lives. The unresponsiveness of the cell to the presence of androgenic hormones prevents the masculinization of male genitalia in the developing fetus, as well as the development of male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty, but does allow, without significant impairment, female genital and sexual development in those with the condition.
Partial androgen insensitivity syndromePartial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) is a condition that results in the partial inability of the cell to respond to androgens. It is an X linked recessive condition. The partial unresponsiveness of the cell to the presence of androgenic hormones impairs the masculinization of male genitalia in the developing fetus, as well as the development of male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty, but does not significantly impair female genital or sexual development.
HypogonadismeL'hypogonadisme est un syndrome clinique résultant d'une altération de l'axe hypothalo-hypophyso-gonadique. Il est qualifié de primaire lorsqu'il atteint les gonades (hypogonadisme hypergonadotrope) ou secondaire lorsqu'il atteint le système central (hypogonadisme hypogonadotrope). Il peut être congénital ou acquis. Retard pubertaire ou développement sexuel incomplet. Chez l'homme : atrophie musculaire, baisse de la force musculaire, baisse de libido, micropénis, dysfonction érectile, gynécomastie, irritabilité, dépression, troubles du sommeil.
AndrostanoloneLandrostanolone, ou dihydrotestostérone (DHT), est un métabolite biologiquement actif de la testostérone, formé dans la prostate, les testicules, les follicules pileux et les glandes surrénales sous l'action d’une enzyme, la 5-α-réductase, par réduction de la liaison Δ(4,5). L’androstanolone est une hormone androgène. Elle est responsable de la différenciation des organes génitaux externes en testicules à partir de la septième semaine du développement de l'embryon humain.
