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Concept
History of Punjab
Résumé
The History of Punjab refers to the past human history of Punjab region which is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent, comprising western Punjab province in Pakistan and eastern Punjab state in India. It is believed that the earliest evidence of human habitation in Punjab traces to the Soan valley of the Pothohar, between the Indus and the Jhelum rivers, where Soanian culture developed between 774,000 BC and 11,700 BC. This period goes back to the first interglacial period in the second Ice Age, from which remnants of stone and flint tools have been found.
The Punjab region was the site of one of the earliest cradle of civilizations, the Bronze Age Harrapan civilization that flourished from about 3000 B.C. and declined rapidly 1,000 years later, following the Indo-Aryan migrations that overran the region in waves between 1500 and 500 B.C. The migrating Indo-Aryan tribes gave rise to the Iron Age Vedic civilization, which lasted till 500 BC. During this era, the Rigveda was composed in Punjab, laying the foundation of Hinduism. Following Alexander the Great's invasion and his conflicts with Porus and the Malli tribe of Multan, Chandragupta founded the Maurya Empire. After its decline the Yavanas, Sakas and Kushans successively established kingdoms in Punjab. The rulers of these kingdoms were patrons of Buddhism and Taxila became a great centre of learning and commerce. The Buddhist Gandhara civilization in the north of Punjab reached its height under the Kushan Empire in 2nd and 3rd century AD. Between the 4th century BC–4th century AD, the eastern region of Punjab was ruled by numerous republics (Yaudheyas, Trigartas, Audumbaras and Arjunayanas) who defeated the Indo-Greek Kingdom and issued their own coinage.
The devastating Hunnic invasions of Punjab occurred in the 5th and 6th century, which were ultimately repelled by the Vardhana dynasty. Most of the western Punjab region became unified under the Taank
And Odi Shahi Kingdoms in the early medieval period.
Source officielle
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