Melatonin receptor agonistMelatonin receptor agonists are analogues of melatonin that bind to and activate the melatonin receptor. Agonists of the melatonin receptor have a number of therapeutic applications including treatment of sleep disorders and depression. The discovery and development of melatonin receptor agonists was motivated by the need for more potent analogues than melatonin, with better pharmacokinetics and longer half-lives. Melatonin receptor agonists were developed with the melatonin structure as a model.
Familial sleep traitsFamilial sleep traits are heritable variations in sleep patterns, resulting in abnormal sleep-wake times and/or abnormal sleep length. Circadian rhythms are coordinated physiological and biological changes that oscillate on an approximately 24-hour cycle. Disruptions to these rhythms in humans may affect the duration, onset, and/or quality of sleep during this cycle, resulting in familial sleep traits. These traits are not necessarily syndromes because they do not always cause distress among individuals.
Syndrome du décalage horaireLe syndrome du décalage horaire, parfois nommé « arythmie circadienne », souvent appelé en calque de l'anglais, est une condition physiologique qui résulte d'un voyage rapide à travers plusieurs fuseaux horaires, généralement en avion. Un tel voyage décale effectivement les différentes horloges internes (rythme circadien ou cycles du sommeil) de l'activité extérieure (alternance jour/nuit, activités de l'individu). Il s’agit en fait d’un désalignement circadien.
Entrainment (chronobiology)In the study of chronobiology, entrainment occurs when rhythmic physiological or behavioral events match their period to that of an environmental oscillation. It is ultimately the interaction between circadian rhythms and the environment. A central example is the entrainment of circadian rhythms to the daily light–dark cycle, which ultimately is determined by the Earth's rotation. Exposure to certain environmental stimuli will cue a phase shift, and abrupt change in the timing of the rhythm.
PolysomnographieLa polysomnographie (ou polygraphie du sommeil) est un examen médical consistant à enregistrer, au cours du sommeil du patient, plusieurs variables physiologiques (rythme respiratoire, rythme cardiaque, électroencéphalogramme, électromyogramme des muscles des bras ou des jambes...) afin de déterminer certains troubles liés au sommeil, dont les apnées ou syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil (SAOS).
Sleep diaryA sleep diary is a record of an individual's sleeping and waking times with related information, usually over a period of several weeks. It is self-reported or can be recorded by a caregiver. The sleep diary, or sleep log, is a tool used by doctors and patients. It is a useful resource in the diagnosis and treatment of especially circadian rhythm sleep disorders, and in monitoring whether treatment of those and other sleep disorders is successful. Sleep diaries may be used in conjunction with actigraphy.
HypersomnolenceExcessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is characterized by persistent sleepiness and often a general lack of energy, even during the day after apparently adequate or even prolonged nighttime sleep. EDS can be considered as a broad condition encompassing several sleep disorders where increased sleep is a symptom, or as a symptom of another underlying disorder like narcolepsy, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, sleep apnea or idiopathic hypersomnia.
Trouble du sommeilUn trouble du sommeil (somnipathie) est un trouble médical pouvant avoir des causes physiologiques, environnementales ou comportementales (lié aux habitudes du sommeil d'un individu). En 2015, environ un adulte américain sur trois déclarait un trouble de sommeil. Certains troubles du sommeil sont suffisamment sérieux pour interférer au fonctionnement physique, mental et émotionnel. Un test communément utilisé pour quantifier les troubles du sommeil est la polysomnographie.
Horloge circadienneEn biologie, une horloge circadienne est un mécanisme de régulation de processus quotidiens, les rythmes circadiens, présents chez de nombreux organismes vivants dont les cyanobactéries, les plantes, les champignons et les animaux. Elle définit un temps subjectif. Les rythmes circadiens sont décrits pour la première fois en 1729 par le mathématicien et astronome français Jean-Jacques Dortous de Mairan. Celui qui marque le plus les vies quotidiennes des êtres humains est le rythme veille-sommeil.
Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomniaCognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is a technique for treating insomnia without (or alongside) medications. Insomnia is a common problem involving trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting quality sleep. CBT-I aims to improve sleep habits and behaviors by identifying and changing the thoughts and the behaviors that affect the ability of a person to sleep or sleep well. The first step in treating insomnia with CBT-I is to identify the underlying causes of insomnia.
