Histoire des Juifs en Afrique du SudL'histoire des Juifs en Afrique du Sud commence avec l'arrivée des premiers Européens sur le territoire actuel de l'Afrique du Sud. Entre 1880 et 1914, la communauté juive passe de personnes à plus de . En termes de relations diplomatiques et militaires entre l'Afrique du Sud et Israël, les Juifs d'Afrique du Sud jouent un rôle important. En 1652, Jan van Riebeeck, au nom de la Compagnie néerlandaise des Indes orientales, installe un modeste comptoir commercial, composé de 90 pionniers.
FrumFrum () is a word that describes Jewish religious devotion. The term connotes the observance of Jewish religious law in a way that often exceeds its bare requirements. This not only includes the careful study of Torah, daily prayers, observing Shabbat and kashrut, and performing deeds of loving-kindness, but also many more customs and khumrot (prohibitions or obligations in Jewish life that exceed the requirements of Halakha). The term frum contrasts with frei (), which describes Jews who are secular or practice non-Orthodox observance, or "free from keeping the.
ShtiebelA shtiebel (שטיבל shtibl, pl. shtiblekh or shtiebels, meaning "little house" or "little room" cognate with German Stübel) is a place used for communal Jewish prayer. In contrast to a formal synagogue, a shtiebel is far smaller and approached more casually. It is typically as small as a room in a private home or a place of business which is set aside for the express purpose of prayer, or it may be as large as a small-sized synagogue. It may or may not offer the communal services of a synagogue.
Sécularisme juifLe sécularisme juif désigne à la fois les Juifs se définissant comme séculiers, mais aussi le résultat de leurs travaux. Pour les Juifs séculiers, les fêtes juives peuvent être célébrées comme des événements traditionnels ou culturels alors que les naissances, mariages ou les funérailles devraient être appréhendés de manière séculière. À travers l'Époque moderne, les penseurs juifs ont repensé le judaïsme traditionnel. Depuis Baruch Spinoza (1632-77), la moralité est perçue non plus à travers la religion mais à travers l'éducation et la vie familiale.
Littérature yiddishLa littérature yiddish comprend tous les écrits littéraires en yiddish, la langue des Juifs ashkénazes, dérivé du moyen haut allemand. La langue yiddish prend ses racines en Europe centrale, et a migré au cours des siècles vers l'Europe de l'Est : Yiddishland. La littérature yiddish est généralement divisée en trois phases : la littérature yiddish ancienne que l'on peut dater entre 1300 et 1780 ; la littérature de la Haskala et la littérature hassidique de 1780 aux environs de 1890 ; et la littérature yiddish moderne de 1864 jusqu'à nos jours.
Jewish schismsSchisms among the Jews are cultural as well as religious. They have happened as a product of historical accident, geography, and theology. Samaritans The Samaritans are an ethnoreligious group of the Levant originating from the Israelites (or Hebrews) of the Ancient Near East. Ancestrally, Samaritans claim descent from the Tribe of Ephraim and Tribe of Manasseh (two sons of Joseph) as well as from the Levites, who have links to ancient Samaria from the period of their entry into Canaan, while some Orthodox Jews suggest that it was from the beginning of the Babylonian captivity up to the Samaritan polity under the rule of Baba Rabba.
MidrashaA midrasha (Hebrew: , pl. midrashot/midrashas) refers to a Jewish educational institute for women involved in Torah study. The term is often used for such institutions located in Israel. A midrasha is somewhat equivalent to the term yeshiva (for men). The midrasha is also somewhat parallel to a "women's seminary" (Hebrew "seminar", sometimes "seminaria"), which functions in a similar form, though often associated with more traditionalist communities.
