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"There is more virus in us than us in us". John Coffin's famous sentence illustrates that particular nucleic acid sequences related to exogenous viruses, called retrotransposons, constitute almost half of the human genome and largely exceeds the amount of ...
This is a crucial transition time for human genetics in general, and for HIV host genetics in particular. After years of equivocal results from candidate gene analyses, several genome-wide association studies have been published that looked at plasma viral ...
Transgenic animals are essential research tools, whether to address basic biological questions or to develop preclinical models of human diseases. Their generation through the injection of naked plasmid DNA into the male pronucleus of a fertilized oocyte h ...
The tropism of retroviruses relies on their ability to exploit cellular factors for their replication as well as to avoid host-encoded inhibitory activities such as TRIM5α. N-tropic murine leukemia virus is sensitive to human TRIM5α (huTRIM5α) restriction, ...
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology2010
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) type 2 or UV-inactivated AAV (UV-AAV2) infection provokes a DNA damage response that leads to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M border. p53-deficient cells cannot sustain the G2 arrest, enter prolonged impaired mitosis, and die. He ...
During the last 25 years, display techniques such as phage display have become very powerful tools for protein engineering, especially for the selection of monoclonal antibodies. However, while this method is extremely efficient for affinity-based selectio ...
Retroviruses are both powerful evolutionary forces and dangerous threats to genome integrity. As such, they have imposed strong selective pressure on their hosts, notably triggering the emergence of restriction factors, such as TRIM5alpha, that act as pote ...
Over the course of evolution, retroviruses and their hosts have been in constant conflict, resulting in a long-term evolutionary "arms race" in which host and pathogen alternately gain selective advantages through functional innovations. On the host side, ...
A number of PWM techniques have been developed in recent times for five-phase voltage source inverters (VSIs), which enable sinusoidal output voltage generation. Relatively little attention has been however paid to the current ripple caused by these PWM me ...
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are probably the best understood somatic stem cells and often serve as a paradigm for other stem cells. Nevertheless, most current techniques to genetically manipulate them in vivo are either constitutive, and/or induced in s ...