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Concept
Jaluit
Résumé
Jaluit Atoll (Marshallese: Jālwōj, jal'w&j, or Jālooj, jal&w&j) is a large coral atoll of 91 islands in the Pacific Ocean and forms a legislative district of the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands. Its total land area is , and it encloses a lagoon with an area of . Most of the land area is on the largest islet (motu) of Jaluit (10.4 km2). Jaluit is approximately southwest of Majuro. Jaluit Atoll is a designated conservation area and Ramsar Wetland.
In 2011 the population of the islands of Jaluit Atoll was 1,788. It was the former administrative seat of the Marshall Islands.
The British merchant vessel Rolla sighted Jaluit in 1803. She had transported convicts from Britain to New South Wales and was on her way to China to find a cargo to take back to Britain.
In 1884, the German Empire claimed Jaluit Atoll, along with the rest of the Marshall Islands, and the Germans established a trading outpost. Jaluit became a German protectorate on September 13, 1886, and had several imperial commissars (Kaiserliche Kommissare):
1886–1888 Dr. jur. Wilhelm Knappe (1855–1910)
1888–1888 Dr. Franz Leopold Sonnenschein (1857–1897)
1889–1891 Friedrich Louis Max Biermann
1891–1894 Dr. Karl Wilhelm Schmidt (b. 4 March 1859 in Braunschweig)
11 May 1894 – March 1898 Georg Irmer (b. 1853 – d. 1931)
24 March 1898 – 18 January 1906 Eugen Brandeis (b. 1846 – d. 1919) (acting to 22 February 1900)
18 January 1906 – May 1906 Ludwig Kaiser (acting) (b. 1862 – d. 1906)
1 April 1906 – 3 October 1914 the governors of German New Guinea; afterwards the jurisdiction was downgraded to district, under a Bezirksamtmann
After World War I, the island became a part of the South Seas Mandate, a mandated territory of the Empire of Japan, and was the seat of the Japanese administration over the Marshall Islands. Immigrants from Japan numbered several hundred by the 1930s. During World War II the island's Japanese garrison consisted of 1,584 men of the Imperial Japanese Navy and 727 men of the Imperial Japanese Army.
Source officielle
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