Plasmodium falciparum

Résumé

Plasmodium falciparum est une des espèces de Plasmodium, des parasites qui causent le paludisme chez l'être humain. Il est transmis par la piqûre d'anophèle femelle (un moustique). P. falciparum est le plus dangereux de ces parasites causant le paludisme car il entraîne le taux de mortalité le plus élevé. En outre, il représente 80 % de toutes les infections malariques humaines et 90 % des décès. Il est plus répandu en Afrique subdésertique que dans d'autres régions du monde. Cycle de reproduction Le cycle de reproduction comprend deux modes et a lieu chez deux hôtes différents :

Le cycle asexué ou schizogonie se produit chez l'être humain

Le cycle sexué ou sporogonie se produit chez l'insecte

Le cycle chez l'être humain

#* Le parasite de l'anophèle passe de sa salive au sang de l'être humain. #* Invasion de la circulation sanguine sous forme sporozoïtes. #* Atteint le foie et transformation en mérozoïte. #* Mérozoïtes envahissent les globules rouges et provoquent

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_falciparum

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Publications associées (79)

Publications associées

Chargement

Personnes associées (6)

Personnes associées

Chargement

Unités associées (4)

Unités associées

Chargement

Concepts associés (46)

Concepts associés

Chargement

Cours associés (3)

The theoretical part of this course covers classical genetics and contemporary genomics. Because bioinformatics has become important for genomic research, the course also includes practical applications to genomic analyses using Python, including group projects.

Biochemistry is a key discipline for the Life Sciences. Biological Chemistry I and II are two tightly interconnected courses that aim to describe and understand in molecular terms the processes that make life possible.

This course covers the main applications of micro devices for life science and biomedical applications. The course is organized by application topic. It is also covering the basic physical, biological, chemical, technological concepts, which are presented as transversal introductory section

Cours associés

Chargement

Séances de cours associées (3)

Séances de cours associées

Chargement

PfPK7, an atypical MEK-related protein kinase, reflects the absence of classical three-component MAPK pathways in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Two members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family have been previously characterized in Plasmodium falciparum, but in vitro attempts at identifying MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) homologues have failed. Here we report the characterization of a novel plasmodial protein kinase, PfPK7, whose top scores in blastp analysis belong to the MAPKK3/6 subgroup of MAPKKs. However, homology to MAPKKs is restricted to regions of the C-terminal lobe of the kinase domain, whereas the N-terminal region is closer to fungal protein kinase A enzymes (PKA, members of the AGC group of protein kinases). Hence, PfPK7 is a 'composite' enzyme displaying regions of similarity to more than one protein kinase family, similar to a few other plasmodial protein kinases. PfPK7 is expressed in several developmental stages of the parasite, both in the mosquito vector and in the human host. Recombinant PfPK7 displayed kinase activity towards a variety of substrates, but was unable to phosphorylate the two P. falciparum MAPK homologues in vitro, and was insensitive to PKA and MEK inhibitors. Together with the absence of a typical MAPKK activation site in its T-loop, this suggests that PfPK7 is not a MAPKK orthologue, despite the fact that this enzyme is the most 'MAPKK-like' enzyme encoded in the P. falciparum genome. This is consistent with recent observations that the plasmodial MAPKs are not true orthologues of the ERK1/2, p38 or JNK MAPKs, and strengthens the evidence that classical three-component module-dependent MAPK signalling pathways do not operate in malaria parasites, a feature that has not been described in any other eukaryote.

Wiley-Blackwell2004

Chargement

An essential role for the Plasmodium Nek-2 Nima-related protein kinase in the sexual development of malaria parasites

The molecular control of cell division and development in malaria parasites is far from understood. We previously showed that a Plasmodium gametocyte-specific NIMA-related protein kinase, nek-4, is required for completion of meiosis in the ookinete, the motile form that develops from the zygote in the mosquito vector. Here, we show that another NIMA-related kinase, Pfnek-2, is also predominantly expressed in gametocytes, and that Pfnek-2 is an active enzyme displaying an in vitro substrate preference distinct from that of Pfnek-4. A functional nek-2 gene is required for transmission of both Plasmodium falciparum and the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei to the mosquito vector, which is explained by the observation that disruption of the nek-2 gene in P. berghei causes dysregulation of DNA replication during meiosis and blocks ookinete development. This has implications (i) in our understanding of sexual development of malaria parasites and (ii) in the context of control strategies aimed at interfering with malaria transmission.

American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology2009

Chargement

An essential Aurora-related kinase transiently associates with spindle pole bodies during Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic schizogony

Aurora kinases compose a family of conserved Ser/Thr protein kinases playing essential roles in eukaryotic cell division. To date, Aurora homologues remain uncharacterized in the protozoan phylum Apicomplexa. In malaria parasites, the characterization of Aurora kinases may help understand the cell cycle control during erythrocytic schizogony where asynchronous nuclear divisions occur. In this study, we revisited the kinome of Plasmodium falciparum and identified three Aurora-related kinases, Pfark-1, -2, -3. Among these, Pfark-1 is highly conserved in malaria parasites and also appears to be conserved across Apicomplexa. By tagging the endogenous Pfark-1 gene with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in live parasites, we show that the Pfark-1-GFP protein forms paired dots associated with only a subset of nuclei within individual schizonts. Immunofluorescence analysis using an anti-a-tubulin antibody strongly suggests a recruitment of Pfark-1 at duplicated spindle pole bodies at the entry of the M phase of the cell cycle. Unsuccessful attempts at disrupting the Pfark-1 gene with a knockout construct further indicate that Pfark-1 is required for parasite growth in red blood cells. Our study provides new insights into the cell cycle control of malaria parasites and reports the importance of Aurora kinases as potential targets for new antimalarials.

Wiley-Blackwell2011

Chargement