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Concept
Malignancy
Résumé
Malignancy () is the tendency of a medical condition to become progressively worse; the term is most familiar as a characterization of cancer.
A malignant tumor contrasts with a non-cancerous benign tumor in that a malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues. A benign tumor has none of those properties, but may be harmful to health. The term benign in more general medical use characterises a condition or growth that is not cancerous, i.e. does not spread to other parts of the body or invade nearby tissue. Sometimes the term is used to suggest that a condition is not dangerous or serious.
Malignancy in cancers is characterized by anaplasia, invasiveness, and metastasis. Malignant tumors are also characterized by genome instability, so that cancers, as assessed by whole genome sequencing, frequently have between 10,000 and 100,000 mutations in their entire genomes. Cancers usually show tumour heterogeneity, containing multiple subclones. They also frequently have reduced expression of DNA repair enzymes due to epigenetic methylation of DNA repair genes or altered microRNAs that control DNA repair gene expression.
Tumours can be detected through the visualisation or sensation of a lump on the body. In cases where there is no obvious representation of a lump, a mammogram or an MRI test can be used to determine the presence of a tumour. In the case of an existing tumour, a biopsy would be then required to make a diagnosis and distinguish whether the tumour is malignant or benign. This involves examination of a small sample of the tissue in a laboratory.
If detected as a malignant tumour, treatment is necessary; treatment during early stages is most effective. Forms of treatment include chemotherapy, surgery, photoradiation and hyperthermia, amongst various others.
When malignant cells form, symptoms do not typically appear until there has been a significant growth of the mass.
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Concepts associés (82)
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Malignancy () is the tendency of a medical condition to become progressively worse; the term is most familiar as a characterization of cancer. A malignant tumor contrasts with a non-cancerous benign tumor in that a malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues. A benign tumor has none of those properties, but may be harmful to health. The term benign in more general medical use characterises a condition or growth that is not cancerous, i.
Oncologie
Voyez cancer pour la biologie des maladies malignes, et la liste de ces maladies. L'oncologie, ou carcinologie, ou cancérologie, est la spécialité médicale d'étude, de diagnostic et de traitement des cancers. Un médecin qui pratique cette discipline est appelé oncologue, cancérologue ou encore carcinologue. Le terme vient du grec onkos, signifiant « vrac », « masse » ou « tumeur », et du suffixe λόγος / lógos se référant au discours, à la raison.
Carcinome
Un carcinome (du καρκίνωμα, karkinôma, tumeur cancereuse) ou épithélioma est un cancer développé à partir d'un tissu épithélial (peau, muqueuse). Selon le type d'épithélium on distingue : les carcinomes épidermoïdes ou carcinomes malpighiens, développés aux dépens d'un épithélium malpighien ; les adénocarcinomes, développés aux dépens d'un épithélium glandulaire ; les carcinomes anaplasiques, indifférenciés, embryonnaires Les deux principaux types de cancers de la peau sont les carcinomes (96 % des cas) et les mélanomes (4 % des cas).
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