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Carcinoma is a malignancy that develops from epithelial cells. Specifically, a carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body, and that arises from cells originating in the endodermal, mesodermal or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis. Carcinomas occur when the DNA of a cell is damaged or altered and the cell begins to grow uncontrollably and become malignant. It is from the καρκίνωμα (itself derived from karkinos meaning crab).Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd edition, s.v. As of 2004, no simple and comprehensive classification system has been devised and accepted within the scientific community. Traditionally, however, malignancies have generally been classified into various types using a combination of criteria, including: The cell type from which they start; specifically: Epithelial cells ⇨ carcinoma Non-hematopoietic mesenchymal cells ⇨ sarcoma Hematopoietic cells Bone marrow-derived cells that normally mature in the bloodstream ⇨ leukemia Bone marrow-derived cells that normally mature in the lymphatic system ⇨ lymphoma Germ cells ⇨ germinoma Other criteria that play a role include: The degree to which the malignant cells resemble their normal, untransformed counterparts The appearance of the local tissue and stromal architecture The anatomical location from which tumors arise Genetic, epigenetic, and molecular features Adenocarcinoma (adeno = gland) Refers to a carcinoma featuring microscopic glandular-related tissue cytology, tissue architecture, and/or gland-related molecular products, e.g., mucin. Squamous cell carcinoma Refers to a carcinoma with observable features and characteristics indicative of squamous differentiation (intercellular bridges, keratinization, squamous pearls). Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma Adenosquamous carcinoma Refers to a mixed tumor containing both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, wherein each of these cell types comprise at least 10% of the tumor volume.

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Malignancy

Malignancy () is the tendency of a medical condition to become progressively worse; the term is most familiar as a characterization of cancer. A malignant tumor contrasts with a non-cancerous benign tumor in that a malignancy is not self-limited in its growth, is capable of invading into adjacent tissues, and may be capable of spreading to distant tissues. A benign tumor has none of those properties, but may be harmful to health. The term benign in more general medical use characterises a condition or growth that is not cancerous, i.

Carcinome

Un carcinome (du καρκίνωμα, karkinôma, tumeur cancereuse) ou épithélioma est un cancer développé à partir d'un tissu épithélial (peau, muqueuse). Selon le type d'épithélium on distingue : les carcinomes épidermoïdes ou carcinomes malpighiens, développés aux dépens d'un épithélium malpighien ; les adénocarcinomes, développés aux dépens d'un épithélium glandulaire ; les carcinomes anaplasiques, indifférenciés, embryonnaires Les deux principaux types de cancers de la peau sont les carcinomes (96 % des cas) et les mélanomes (4 % des cas).

Adénocarcinome

Un adénocarcinome est une tumeur maligne développée aux dépens d'un épithélium glandulaire. Le terme est à distinguer de celui d'adénome qui désigne une tumeur développée aux dépens d'un épithélium glandulaire, mais bénigne. En pratique, une tumeur est reconnue comme adénocarcinome lorsque son analyse microscopique anatomo-pathologique démontre un aspect de glande (tubes glandulaires) ou la présence de sécrétions mucineuses (muco-sécrétions).

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