Elections in ArmeniaArmenia has a multi-party system. After the 2015 Armenian constitutional referendum, only a legislature is elected on the national level. The National Assembly consists of at least 101 seats. Following electoral system amendments introduced in April 2021, members of parliament are elected only through closed party lists by party list proportional representation method. Four mandates are reserved for national minorities, provided they are included in corresponding section of party lists.
Elections in BoliviaBolivia elects on national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president and the vice-president are elected for a five-year term by the people. The National Congress (Congreso Nacional) has two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) has 130 members, elected for a five-year term using the Additional Member System, and in the case of seven indigenous seats by usos y costumbres. The Chamber of Senators (Cámara de Senadores) has 36 members: each of the country's nine departments returns four senators allocated proportionally.
Élections aux Philippinesvignette|Un bureau de vote aux Philippines lors des élections locales de Valencia en 2013 Les élections aux Philippines permettent d'élire : le président, le vice-président et les sénateurs, élus pour un mandat de six ans, tandis que les membres de la Chambre des représentants, les gouverneurs, les vice-gouverneurs, les membres de la , les maires, les vice-maires, les membres de la , et les membres de la sont élus pour un mandat de 3 ans.
Elections in HungaryElections in Hungary are held at two levels: general elections to elect the members of the National Assembly and local elections to elect local authorities. European Parliament elections are also held every 5 years. Following a reform in 2012, general elections are now conducted under a one-round, two-ballot system. The total number of seats has been reduced and regional lists have been eliminated. The number of single-member seats has increased from 45.56% of the total to 53.3%.
Élections au Royaume-UniIl existe quatre types d’élections au Royaume-Uni : les élections générales, les élections des Parlements et Assemblées dévolues, les élections locales et les élections municipales. Ces élections se tiennent en général un jeudi (Election Day). Traditionnellement, le système britannique est le bipartisme, c'est-à-dire une alternance plus ou moins régulière entre deux partis de bord politique opposé ; les deux partis principaux sont le Parti travailliste (Labour Party) et le Parti conservateur et unioniste (Conservative and Unionist Party) - plus couramment dénommé Parti conservateur (Conservative Party).
Semi-proportional representationSemi-proportional representation characterizes multi-winner electoral systems which allow representation of minorities, but are not intended to reflect the strength of the competing political forces in close proportion to the votes they receive. Semi-proportional voting systems can be regarded as compromises between forms of proportional representation such as party-list PR, and plurality/majoritarian systems such as first-past-the-post voting. Examples of semi-proportional systems include the single non-transferable vote, limited voting, and parallel voting.
Scrutin majoritaireLe scrutin majoritaire est un système électoral caractérisé par la victoire du ou des candidats qui obtiennent le plus de suffrages, et qui exclut ou limite la représentation des candidats minoritaires. Le scrutin majoritaire peut prendre différentes formes : il peut notamment être uninominal ou plurinominal, comporter un ou plusieurs tours de scrutin, et permettre ou non le classement des candidats. Il s'oppose au scrutin proportionnel, mais il peut également se combiner avec lui pour former un système mixte.
ScorporoScorporo (ˈskɔrporo, parceling out) is a partially compensatory, mixed-member majoritarian electoral system, sometimes referred to as a negative vote transfer system (NVT) whereby a portion of members are elected in single-member districts (SMDs) and a portion are elected from a list. It may be fully defined as a parallel voting system which excludes a portion (up to 100%) of the SMD winners' votes in electing the proportional tier, to result in a more proportional outcome.
Prime majoritaireLa prime majoritaire est une modalité des systèmes électoraux mixtes dans laquelle un nombre déterminé de sièges est attribué à la liste ayant obtenu le plus de voix. Les autres sièges sont distribués entre les listes en fonction du nombre de voix obtenues. La prime majoritaire vise à favoriser la constitution d'une majorité en atténuant la représentation proportionnelle. Elle est utilisée en Arménie, en Grèce et à Saint-Marin. Elle est également utilisée dans les élections municipales et régionales françaises, ainsi que dans trois assemblées régionales en Argentine.
Dual-member proportional representationDual-member proportional representation (DMP), also known as dual-member mixed proportional, is an electoral system designed to produce proportional election results across a region by electing two representatives in each of the region’s districts. The first seat in every district is awarded to the candidate who receives the most votes, similar to first-past-the-post voting (FPTP). The second seat is awarded to one of the remaining district candidates so that proportionality is achieved across the region, using a calculation that aims to award parties their seats in the districts where they had their strongest performances.
