Interactionnisme symboliqueL’interactionnisme symbolique est une approche issue de la sociologie américaine qui a subi plusieurs inflexions de ses fondements théoriques depuis son apparition, vers la fin des années 1930. Dans un premier temps, l'émergence du cadre théorique de l'interactionnisme symbolique découle d'une rupture paradigmatique effectuée par George Herbert Mead en psychologie sociale. En effet, Mead se dégage des paradigmes psychologiques dominants de l’époque, le béhaviorisme et la psychanalyse, pour développer une approche inter-relationnelle et coconstructive du sens.
Value (semiotics)In semiotics, the value of a sign depends on its position and relations in the system of signification and upon the particular codes being used. Value is the sign as it is determined by the other signs in a semiotic system. For linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, for example, the content of a sign in linguistics is ultimately determined and delimited not by its internal content, but by what surrounds it: the synonyms redouter ("to dread"), craindre ("to fear"), and avoir peur ("to be afraid") have their particular values because they exist in opposition to one another.
Salience (language)Salience is the state or condition of being prominent. The Oxford English Dictionary defines salience as "most noticeable or important." The concept is discussed in communication, semiotics, linguistics, sociology, psychology, and political science. It has been studied with respect to interpersonal communication, persuasion, politics, and its influence on mass media. In semiotics (the study of signs or symbolism), salience refers to the relative importance or prominence of a part of a sign.
Code (semiotics)In semiotics, a code is a set of cultural conventions, contemporary sub-codes, and themes used to communicate meaning. The most common is one's spoken language, but the term can also be used to refer to any narrative form: consider the color scheme of an image (e.g. red for danger), or the rules of a board game (e.g. the military signifiers in chess). Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913) emphasised that signs only acquire meaning and value when they are interpreted in relation to each other.
Modality (semiotics)In semiotics, a modality is a particular way in which information is to be encoded for presentation to humans, i.e. to the type of sign and to the status of reality ascribed to or claimed by a sign, text, or genre. It is more closely associated with the semiotics of Charles Peirce (1839–1914) than Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913) because meaning is conceived as an effect of a set of signs.
