Température corporelle humainevignette|La température corporelle est principalement ressentie au niveau de la tête. La température corporelle humaine est maintenue constante, l’être humain étant un organisme homéotherme. On considère généralement que la température basale usuelle du corps humain est de , cependant cette valeur dépend de l'endroit du corps où est faite la mesure, de l'instrument de mesure, de l'heure de la journée et du niveau d'activité de la personne. Une température corporelle normale se situe ainsi entre et .
Photoreceptor proteinPhotoreceptor proteins are light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms. Some examples are rhodopsin in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebrate retina, phytochrome in plants, and bacteriorhodopsin and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria. They mediate light responses as varied as visual perception, phototropism and phototaxis, as well as responses to light-dark cycles such as circadian rhythm and other photoperiodisms including control of flowering times in plants and mating seasons in animals.
Light effects on circadian rhythmLight effects on circadian rhythm are the effects that light has on circadian rhythm. Most animals and other organisms have "built-in clocks" in their brains that regulate the timing of biological processes and daily behavior. These "clocks" are known as circadian rhythms. They allow maintenance of these processes and behaviors relative to the 24-hour day/night cycle in nature. Although these rhythms are maintained by the individual organisms, their length does vary somewhat individually.
Sleep studyA sleep study is a test that records the activity of the body during sleep. There are five main types of sleep studies that use different methods to test for different sleep characteristics and disorders. These include simple sleep studies, polysomnography, multiple sleep latency tests (MSLTs), maintenance of wakefulness tests (MWTs), and home sleep tests (HSTs). In medicine, sleep studies have been useful in identifying and ruling out various sleep disorders.
Rythme circadien bactérienLes rythmes circadiens bactériens, comme d'autres rythmes circadiens sont endogènes. Récemment découverts, ils constituent une des manifestations de ce qu'on appelle horloge circadienne ou horloge biologique ou horloge interne. La coordination et l'optimisation temporelle des processus biologiques et l'adaptation aux fluctuations quotidiennes jouent un rôle important dans la survie de la plupart des organismes.
Lark (person)A lark, early bird, morning person, or (in Scandinavian countries) an A-person, is a person who usually gets up early in the morning and goes to bed early in the evening. The term relates to the birds known as larks, which are known to sing before dawn. Human "larks" may sleep from around 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. (or earlier), and tend to feel most energetic just after they get up in the morning. They are thus well-suited for working the day shift. The opposite of the lark is the owl, often awake at night.
Night owlA night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends to stay up until late at night, or to the very early hours of the morning. Night owls who are involuntarily unable to fall asleep for several hours after a normal time may have delayed sleep phase disorder. The opposite of a night owl is an early bird – a lark as opposed to an owl – which is someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early.
PhotolyaseLa photolyase est une enzyme qui répare certains des dommages causés dans l'ADN par les ultraviolets et en particulier les dimères de thymine ou plus généralement de pyrimidine. La protéine agit sous l'action d'une lumière bleue ou UV proche, qui excite un cofacteur : la flavine réduite. Celle-ci peut alors transférer un électron au dimère de pyrimidines, ce qui entraîne la scission de ce dimère et la réparation de l'ADN.
Troubles du sommeil dus au travail postéthumb|Une passagère endormie dans un autobus à Atlanta en juin 1974. Les troubles du sommeil dus au travail posté (en anglais Shift work sleep disorder, abrégé SWSD) sont des troubles du rythme circadien de veille-sommeil affectant les personnes effectuant un travail de nuit. Ces troubles sont caractérisés par une somnolence excessive pendant les périodes d’éveil et/ou des insomnies pendant les périodes de sommeil. Parmi les travailleurs de nuit, de nombreuses études montrent que certains ne s’habituent pas à leurs horaires de travail, et ce même après plusieurs années d’expérience.
Sleep state misperceptionSleep state misperception (SSM) is a term in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) most commonly used for people who mistakenly perceive their sleep as wakefulness, though it has been proposed that it be applied to those who severely overestimate their sleep time as well ("positive" sleep state misperception). While most sleepers with this condition will report not having slept in the previous night at all or having slept very little, clinical recordings generally show normal sleep patterns.
