Community buildingCommunity building is a field of practices directed toward the creation or enhancement of community among individuals within a regional area (such as a neighborhood) or with a common need or interest. It is often encompassed under the fields of community organizing, community organization, community work, and community development. A wide variety of practices can be utilized for community building, ranging from simple events like potlucks and small book clubs, to larger–scale efforts such as mass festivals and building construction projects that involve local participants rather than outside contractors.
Imagined communityAn imagined community is a concept developed by Benedict Anderson in his 1983 book Imagined Communities to analyze nationalism. Anderson depicts a nation as a socially-constructed community, imagined by the people who perceive themselves as part of a group. Anderson focuses on the way media creates imagined communities, especially the power of print media in shaping an individual's social psyche. Anderson analyzes the written word, a tool used by churches, authors, and media companies (notably books, newspapers, and magazines), as well as governmental tools such as the map, the census, and the museum.
Community developmentThe United Nations defines community development as "a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems." It is a broad concept, applied to the practices of civic leaders, activists, involved citizens, and professionals to improve various aspects of communities, typically aiming to build stronger and more resilient local communities.
Community serviceCommunity service is unpaid work performed by a person or group of people for the benefit and betterment of their community without any form of compensation. Community service can be distinct from volunteering, since it is not always performed on a voluntary basis and may be compulsory. While individual benefits may be realized, they may be performed for a variety of reasons, including citizenship requirements, alternatives to criminal justice sanctions, school or class requirements, and requisites to obtain certain benefits.
Quartier (ville)Un quartier est une subdivision d'une ville ou d'un territoire. C'est aussi souvent une échelle d'appropriation d'une partie de la ville par ses habitants, donc un ensemble urbain comportant certaines caractéristiques particulières ou une certaine unité. En France, certains quartiers sont dotés d'un conseil de quartier qui représente ses habitants auprès de la mairie. En géographie urbaine, le quartier d'une ville se définit avant tout par une physionomie ou un emplacement qui lui est propre et le différencie de son environnement.
CivicsCivics is the study of the rights and obligations of citizens in society. The term derives from the Latin word civicus, meaning "relating to a citizen". The term relates to behavior affecting other citizens, particularly in the context of urban development. Civic education is the study of the theoretical, political and practical aspects of citizenship, as well as its rights and duties. It includes the study of civil law and civil codes, and the study of government with attention to the role of citizens―as opposed to external factors―in the operation and oversight of government.
Sense of communitySense of community (or psychological sense of community) is a concept in community psychology, social psychology, and community social work, as well as in several other research disciplines, such as urban sociology. It focuses on the experience of community rather than its structure, formation, setting, or other features. The latter is the province of public administration or community services administration which needs to understand how structures influence this feeling and psychological sense of community.
Gemeinschaft et GesellschaftGemeinschaft et Gesellschaft sont des catégories sociologiques qui désignent deux types d'associations d'humains, d'organisation de la société. Ces notions peuvent être rapprochées de celle de communalisation chez le sociologue Max Weber. Ces deux catégories ont été introduites en sociologie par le sociologue allemand Ferdinand Tönnies, dans son ouvrage Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft publié en 1887. Elles permettent de différencier deux types de groupe social. Il y a la communauté (Gemeinschaft), anciennes, où le lien organique de solidarité prime.
PeupleLe mot peuple est une notion polysémique dont le sens varie selon le contexte. Il désigne à la fois : un « ensemble des individus constituant une nation, vivant sur un même territoire et soumis aux mêmes lois, aux mêmes institutions politiques ». Ici, le peuple est déterminé par la nation qu'il constitue, le territoire qu'il occupe et la soumission aux mêmes règles de droit. C'est la vision la plus restreinte du peuple.
Coopération (économie sociale)La coopération est une forme d'organisation collective qui entend promouvoir dans le domaine économique et social un système fondé sur une vision partagée des différents acteurs, dans un esprit d'intérêt général, au service de toutes les parties prenantes. Cela suppose un certain degré de confiance et de compréhension. La coopération, antagoniste à l'esprit de concurrence entendu sous sa forme libérale, conduit à réviser les modes de fonctionnement ainsi que les relations économiques pour les subordonner à la réalisation de finalités plus sociales et plus solidaires.
