Hypophyse

Résumé

Lhypophyse (du grec ancien : ὑποφύσις, hupophusis = excroissance par-dessous) ou glande pituitaire est une glande endocrine qui secrète de nombreuses hormones. L'hypophyse se trouve dans une cavité osseuse, la fosse hypophysaire qui se situe dans l'os sphénoïde. Elle est protégée par la selle turcique. Elle est reliée à une autre partie du cerveau appelée l'hypothalamus par une tige hypophysaire (également appelée tige pituitaire). Elle produit des hormones qui gèrent une large gamme de fonctions corporelles, dont les hormones trophiques qui stimulent les autres glandes endocrines. Cette fonction lui a valu de se faire appeler par les scientifiques « glande maîtresse » du corps, mais aujourd'hui on sait que l'hypophyse est régulée par les hormones (neuro-hormones) émises par l'hypothalamus. Cet organe existe sous sa forme typique chez tous les vertébrés. Chez l'être humain l'hypophyse mesure environ de diamètre et pèse environ . Anatomie L'hypophyse est divisée en

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypophyse

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Ce cours permet aux étudiants ayant suivi Morphologie I de réviser et d'approfondir leurs connaissances par l'étude de l'anatomie radiologique et du développement. L'origine de malformations fréquentes est décrite. Divers sujets requis pour l'examen d'entrée à la Passerelle sont aussi traités.

We will define the concept of homeostasis and principles of hormone action and the molecular mechanisms underlying them. Interactions with the environment and pertinent public health issues will be analyzed and preventative strategies will be discussed.

The goal of the course is to guide students through the essential aspects of molecular neuroscience and neurodegenerative diseases. The student will gain the ability to dissect the molecular basis of disease in the nervous system in order to begin to understand and identify therapeutic strategies.

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T1 mapping of the mouse brain following fractionated manganese administration using MP2RAGE

Luc Driencourt, Florent Eggenschwiler, Nathalie Just, Mario Gaetano Lepore, Olivier Benoit Thomas Reynaud, Carola Jaquelina del Carmen Romero

With the increasing development of transgenic mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases allowing improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these disorders, robust quantitative mapping techniques are also needed in rodents. MP2RAGE has shown great potential for structural imaging in humans at high fields. In the present work, MP2RAGE was successfully implemented at 9.4T and 14.1T. Following fractionated injections of MnCl2, MP2RAGE images were acquired allowing simultaneous depiction and T1 mapping of structures in the mouse brain at both fields. In addition, T1 maps demonstrated significant T1 shortenings in different structures of the mouse brain (p

Springer Heidelberg2017

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Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis of postoperative outcomes and management

Katarzyna Pierzchala

PurposeTSH-secreting pituitary adenomas are rare pituitary tumors. An efficient treatment is essential to limit the mortality and morbidity in untreated patients. The aim of this study is to summarize the evidence about the postoperative outcomes and management of this rare pathology.MethodsA systematic search and meta-analysis of surgical series was performed.ResultsOur analysis included 23 articles (536 patients). No sex difference was observed and mean age at diagnosis was 45years. Hyperthyroidism was reportedly clinical in 67% and biochemical in 90% of patients. Co-secretion of other pituitary hormones was present in 42% of cases. Macroadenomas were found in 79% of patients, showing in 44% and 30% of cases respectively extrasellar extension and cavernous sinus invasion. The pooled rate of postoperative biochemical remission was 69.7% and a gross total resection (GTR) was observed in 54% of patients. The extent of resection was significantly increased in microadenomas (p

SPRINGER2019

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Purpose To suppress the noise, by sacrificing some of the signal homogeneity for numerical stability, in uniform T1 weighted (T1w) images obtained with the magnetization prepared 2 rapid gradient echoes sequence (MP2RAGE) and to compare the clinical utility of these robust T1w images against the uniform T1w images. Materials and Methods 8 healthy subjects (29.0±4.1 years; 6 Male), who provided written consent, underwent two scan sessions within a 24 hour period on a 7T head-only scanner. The uniform and robust T1w image volumes were calculated inline on the scanner. Two experienced radiologists qualitatively rated the images for: general image quality; 7T specific artefacts; and, local structure definition. Voxel-based and volume-based morphometry packages were used to compare the segmentation quality between the uniform and robust images. Statistical differences were evaluated by using a positive sided Wilcoxon rank test. Results The robust image suppresses background noise inside and outside the skull. The inhomogeneity introduced was ranked as mild. The robust image was significantly ranked higher than the uniform image for both observers (observer 1/2, p-value = 0.0006/0.0004). In particular, an improved delineation of the pituitary gland, cerebellar lobes was observed in the robust versus uniform T1w image. The reproducibility of the segmentation results between repeat scans improved (p-value = 0.0004) from an average volumetric difference across structures of ≈6.6% to ≈2.4% for the uniform image and robust T1w image respectively. Conclusions The robust T1w image enables MP2RAGE to produce, clinically familiar T1w images, in addition to T1 maps, which can be readily used in uniform morphometry packages.

Public Library of Science2014

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