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Concept
Constante de Faraday
Résumé
In physical chemistry, the Faraday constant, denoted by the symbol F and sometimes stylized as F, is the electric charge per mole of elementary charges. It is named after the English scientist Michael Faraday. Since the 2019 redefinition of SI base units, which took effect on 20 May 2019, the Faraday constant has the exactly defined value given by the product of the elementary charge e and Avogadro constant NA:
F = e × NA
= 1.602176634e-19C × 6.02214076e23mol-1
= 9.64853321233100184e4C.mol-1.
The Faraday constant can be thought of as the conversion factor between the mole (used in chemistry) and the coulomb (used in physics and in practical electrical measurements), and is therefore of particular use in electrochemistry. Because 1 mole contains exactly 6.02214076e23 entities, and 1 coulomb contains exactly 1/e = 1019/1.602176634 elementary charges, the Faraday constant is given by the quotient of these two quantities:
F = NA/1/e = 9.64853321233100184e4C.mol-1.
One common use of the Faraday constant is in electrolysis calculations. One can divide the amount of charge (the current integrated over time) by the Faraday constant in order to find the chemical amount of a substance (in moles) that has been electrolyzed.
The value of F was first determined by weighing the amount of silver deposited in an electrochemical reaction in which a measured current was passed for a measured time, and using Faraday's law of electrolysis.
96.485 kJ per volt–gram-equivalent
23.061 kcal per volt–gram-equivalent
26.801 A·h/mol
Related to the Faraday constant is the "faraday", a unit of electrical charge. Its use is much less common than of the coulomb, but is sometimes used in electrochemistry. One faraday of charge is the charge of one mole of elementary charges (or of negative one mole of electrons), i.e.,
1 faraday = F × 1 mol =
Conversely, the Faraday constant F equals 1 faraday per mole.
The faraday is not to be confused with the farad, an unrelated unit of capacitance (1 farad = 1 coulomb / 1 volt).
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