Pic pétrolierthumb|upright=1.6|Courbes cumulées de production de pétrole (graphique de 2005). À cette époque, le pic pétrolier était attendu pour l'année 2006, année où le pétrole conventionnel a effectivement atteint son pic. Toutefois, l'essor du pétrole de schiste américain dans les années 2010 a repoussé les perspectives du pic pétrolier mondial vers 2025.
Resource depletionResource depletion is the consumption of a resource faster than it can be replenished. Natural resources are commonly divided between renewable resources and non-renewable resources (see also mineral resource classification). Use of either of these forms of resources beyond their rate of replacement is considered to be resource depletion. The value of a resource is a direct result of its availability in nature and the cost of extracting the resource, the more a resource is depleted the more the value of the resource increases.
Energy developmentEnergy development is the field of activities focused on obtaining sources of energy from natural resources. These activities include the production of renewable, nuclear, and fossil fuel derived sources of energy, and for the recovery and reuse of energy that would otherwise be wasted. Energy conservation and efficiency measures reduce the demand for energy development, and can have benefits to society with improvements to environmental issues.
Pic gazierMoins médiatique que le pic pétrolier, le pic gazier ou Peak Gas est le moment où la production mondiale de gaz naturel culminera, et où les réserves mondiales seront donc à moitié consommées. La Russie, l'Iran et le Qatar détiennent tous trois près des 2/3 des réserves mondiales de gaz naturel, avec respectivement 27 %, 15 % et 14 % du total. Viennent ensuite "16 nains", avec des réserves comprises entre 1 et 5 % du total (par ordre décroissant des réserves) : Arabie saoudite, Émirats arabes unis, États-Unis, Nigeria, Algérie, Venezuela, Irak, Kazakhstan, Turkménistan, Indonésie, Malaisie, Australie, Norvège, Chine, Ouzbékistan et Égypte.
Peak coalPeak coal is the peak consumption or production of coal by a human community. Global coal consumption peaked in 2013, and had dropped slightly by the end of the 2010s. The peak of coal's share in the global energy mix was in 2008, when coal accounted for 30% of global energy production. The decline in coal use is largely driven by consumption declines in the United States and Europe, as well as developed economies in Asia. In 2019, production increases in countries such as China, Indonesia, India, Russia and Australia compensated for the falls in the United States and Europe.
