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Invading pathogens are recognized by mammalian cells through dedicated receptors found either at the cell surface or in the cytoplasm. These receptors, like the trans-membrane Toll-like Receptors (TLR) or the cytosolic Nod-like Receptors (NLR), initiate in ...
In order to analyze bonding contacts that stabilize the virion or promote capsid assembly, bovine papillomavirus (BPV) virions were subjected to buffer conditions known to disrupt polyomavirus virions. At physiologic ionic strength, incubation with dithiot ...
The human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV, respectively) are members of the lentiviridae subgroup of retroviruses that cause a progressive failure of the host immunological functions culminating in the clinical collapse known as AIDS, or a ...
BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection decreases the cell-surface expression of its cellular receptor, CD4, through the combined actions of Nef, Env and Vpu. Such functional convergence strongly suggests that CD4 downregulation is cri ...
The membrane of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions contains high levels of cholesterol and sphingomyelin, an enrichment that is explained by the preferential budding of the virus through raft microdomains of the plasma membrane. Upon deple ...
The Nef protein of primate lentiviruses downregulates the cell surface expression of CD4 through a two-step process. First, Nef connects the cytoplasmic tail of CD4 with adaptor protein complexes (AP), thereby inducing the formation of CD4-specific clathri ...
Simian virus 40 (SV40) can be disassembled under mild conditions by reducing disulfide bonds in the capsid and removing calcium ions. The nucleoprotein complexes formed, analyzed by electron microscopy, were circular and made up of 59 +/- 4 subunits, each ...
Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) are valuable reagents for the purification, characterization and immunolocalization of proteins.In this study, we raised Mabs against human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) using baculovirus particles display ...
Two strains of minute virus of mice (MVM) show different host cell specificities. The prototype strain MVM(p) grows in fibroblasts, whereas the immunosuppressive variant MVM(i) grows in T lymphocytes. In this study, we have mapped on the viral genome a cel ...
During virus assembly, a subset of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) matrix (MA) molecules is phosphorylated on C-terminal tyrosine. This modification facilitates infection of nondividing cells by allowing for the recruitment of the karyophilic MA into th ...
