Termination of employment or separation of employment is an employee's departure from a job and the end of an employee's duration with an employer. Termination may be voluntary on the employee's part, or it may be at the hands of the employer, often in the form of dismissal (firing) or a layoff. Dismissal or firing is usually thought to be the employee's fault, whereas a layoff is generally done for business reasons (for instance, a business slowdown or an economic downturn) outside the employee's performance.
Firing carries a stigma in many cultures and may hinder the jobseeker's chances of finding new employment, particularly if they have been terminated from a previous job. Jobseekers sometimes do not mention jobs from which they were fired on their resumes. Accordingly, unexplained gaps in employment, and refusal or failure to contact previous employers are often regarded as "red flags".
Dismissal (employment)
Dismissal is when the employer chooses to require the employee to leave, usually for the reason that is the employee's fault. The most common colloquial terms for dismissal in the United States are "getting fired" or "getting canned" whereas in the United Kingdom the terms "getting the sack" or "getting sacked" are also used.
Layoff
A less severe form of involuntary termination is often referred to as a layoff (also redundancy or being made redundant in British English). A layoff is usually not strictly related to personal performance but instead due to economic cycles or the company's need to restructure itself, the firm itself going out of business, or a change in the function of the employer (for example, a certain type of product or service is no longer offered by the company, and therefore jobs related to that product or service are no longer needed). One type of layoff is the aggressive layoff; in such a situation, the employee is laid off but not replaced as the job is eliminated.
In an economy based on at-will employment, such as that of the United States, a large proportion of workers may be laid off at some time in their life, and often for reasons unrelated to performance or ethics.
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Le contrat de travail est un type de contrat par lequel une personne (l'employé) s'engage à effectuer un travail pour un autre (l'employeur) moyennant une rémunération. En fonction des systèmes juridiques la notion de contrat ne recouvre pas exactement les mêmes choses. Dans les grands systèmes de droit contemporains, René David et Camille Jauffret-Spinosi distinguaient la famille romano-germanique, la « common law », les droits socialistes (il s’agissait essentiellement du droit de l’ex-URSS), les droits africains et malgaches, le droit chinois, le droit indien, le droit japonais et le droit musulman.
In law, wrongful dismissal, also called wrongful termination or wrongful discharge, is a situation in which an employee's contract of employment has been terminated by the employer, where the termination breaches one or more terms of the contract of employment, or a statute provision or rule in employment law. Laws governing wrongful dismissal vary according to the terms of the employment contract, as well as under the laws and public policies of the jurisdiction.
En droit du travail américain, le régime juridique de l'emploi de gré à gré (anglais : employment at will ou at-will employment) donne la possibilité à un employeur de licencier un employé pour quelque raison que ce soit, c'est-à-dire sans avoir à établir un juste motif pour le licenciement, et ce, sans avertissement tant que le motif n'est pas illégal (par exemple, un congédiement en raison de la race, de la religion ou de l'orientation sexuelle de l'employé).
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