Diatonic and chromaticDiatonic and chromatic are terms in music theory that are most often used to characterize scales, and are also applied to musical instruments, intervals, chords, notes, musical styles, and kinds of harmony. They are very often used as a pair, especially when applied to contrasting features of the common practice music of the period 1600–1900. These terms may mean different things in different contexts. Very often, diatonic refers to musical elements derived from the modes and transpositions of the "white note scale" C–D–E–F–G–A–B.
Music and mathematicsMusic theory analyzes the pitch, timing, and structure of music. It uses mathematics to study elements of music such as tempo, chord progression, form, and meter. The attempt to structure and communicate new ways of composing and hearing music has led to musical applications of set theory, abstract algebra and number theory. While music theory has no axiomatic foundation in modern mathematics, the basis of musical sound can be described mathematically (using acoustics) and exhibits "a remarkable array of number properties".
Acoustique musicaleL'acoustique musicale est le domaine de l'acoustique consacré à l'étude des sons musicaux et leur mode de production par les instruments de musique et la voix. Née du souci de relier la tradition musicale, principalement de la musique savante, à l'esprit scientifique, l'acoustique musicale fut l'un des premiers champs d'investigation de l'acoustique.
Frette (musique)Les frettes sont des éléments de certains instruments de musique à cordes et à manche comme les violes de gambe, le luth, le théorbe, la guitare (baroque ou moderne), la mandoline ou le banjo. Elles peuvent être constituées de ligatures faites de cordes en boyau nouées autour du manche pour les instruments plus anciens (violes, luths, théorbes et guitares baroques) ou bien faire partie intégrante du manche, étant serties dans la touche (guitares modernes, mandolines, banjos), auquel cas elles peuvent également être appelées (de façon plus appropriée, une frette étant en fait un cerclage) barrettes.
Consonance and dissonanceIn music, consonance and dissonance are categorizations of simultaneous or successive sounds. Within the Western tradition, some listeners associate consonance with sweetness, pleasantness, and acceptability, and dissonance with harshness, unpleasantness, or unacceptability, although there is broad acknowledgement that this depends also on familiarity and musical expertise. The terms form a structural dichotomy in which they define each other by mutual exclusion: a consonance is what is not dissonant, and a dissonance is what is not consonant.
Battement (acoustique)En physique, le battement est une modulation périodique d'un signal constitué de la superposition de deux signaux de fréquences proches. Le terme est issu de l'acoustique ; en acoustique musicale, le battement est audible lorsque deux cordes ou tuyaux vibrent à des fréquences dont la différence est entre 0,5 et environ. Les battements peuvent être perçus facilement en accordant un instrument capable de notes tenues.
Musical tuningIn music, there are two common meanings for tuning: Tuning practice, the act of tuning an instrument or voice. Tuning systems, the various systems of pitches used to tune an instrument, and their theoretical bases. Tuning is the process of adjusting the pitch of one or many tones from musical instruments to establish typical intervals between these tones. Tuning is usually based on a fixed reference, such as A = 440 Hz. The term "out of tune" refers to a pitch/tone that is either too high (sharp) or too low (flat) in relation to a given reference pitch.
