A bar examination is an examination administered by the bar association of a jurisdiction that a lawyer must pass in order to be admitted to the bar of that jurisdiction.
Administering bar exams is the responsibility of the bar association in the particular state or territory concerned. Those interested in pursuing a career at the bar must first be admitted as lawyers in the Supreme Court of their home state or territory. This generally requires the completion of legal studies which can take up to 8 years depending on the mode of study, the particular degree being completed and the law school. After completing a law degree, law graduates are then usually required to complete a period of Practical Legal Training (PLT).
During the PLT period, law graduates are provided with further legal education focusing more on the practical or technical aspects of the law, such as court practice, conveyancing and drafting statements of claim. Law graduates are also required to complete a minimum number of days under the supervision of a more senior lawyer.
After the successful completion of practical legal training, law graduates must then apply to be admitted to the Supreme Court in their state or territory. This ceremony is usually held with the chief justice of the state or territory presiding. It is a formal ceremony which also includes taking an oath (or making an affirmation) to uphold the laws of the jurisdiction and results in the person's name being recorded on the Roll of Practitioners in that jurisdiction.
Once admitted, those wishing to practise as barristers must contact the relevant bar association to register and sit the bar exam. The frequency and availability of these exams depends on the relevant bar association. Generally, the bar exams focus on three main areas of practice which are relevant to barristers; namely evidence, procedure and ethics. The exams are usually administered during the course of a day and comprise a variety of question types, usually answers are given in essay form.
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An admission to practice law is acquired when a lawyer receives a license to practice law. In jurisdictions with two types of lawyer, as with barristers and solicitors, barristers must gain admission to the bar whereas for solicitors there are distinct practising certificates. Becoming a lawyer is a widely varied process around the world. Common to all jurisdictions are requirements of age and competence; some jurisdictions also require documentation of citizenship or immigration status.
Le bachelor of laws (LL.B) est un grade universitaire dans le domaine du droit, délivré dans de nombreux pays. L'enseignement du droit dans les pays de tradition universitaire anglo-saxonne est marqué par l'existence de la common law. De plus la distinction ancienne entre droit civil et droit canon, et du droit anglais et romain, perdure dans certaines appellations. Le Bachelor of Civil Law (bachelor of civil law, BCL) fut créé dans les universités d'Oxford et de Cambridge comme un grade de la faculté supérieure de droit civil.
Le barreau est l'ordre professionnel des avocats. C'est un organisme professionnel, administratif et juridictionnel de défense et de régulation de la profession des avocats. Chaque avocat, pour exercer sa profession, doit appartenir à un barreau. Il peut se situer au niveau provincial, comme au Québec ou au niveau local. L'Ordre des avocats au Québec se nomme le Barreau du Québec, duquel tous les avocats sont membres, en plus d'un barreau de section. En Suisse, le barreau est organisé au niveau cantonal et l'on parle plus couramment du registre cantonal.