Admission to practice lawAn admission to practice law is acquired when a lawyer receives a license to practice law. In jurisdictions with two types of lawyer, as with barristers and solicitors, barristers must gain admission to the bar whereas for solicitors there are distinct practising certificates. Becoming a lawyer is a widely varied process around the world. Common to all jurisdictions are requirements of age and competence; some jurisdictions also require documentation of citizenship or immigration status.
Bachelor of LawsLe bachelor of laws (LL.B) est un grade universitaire dans le domaine du droit, délivré dans de nombreux pays. L'enseignement du droit dans les pays de tradition universitaire anglo-saxonne est marqué par l'existence de la common law. De plus la distinction ancienne entre droit civil et droit canon, et du droit anglais et romain, perdure dans certaines appellations. Le Bachelor of Civil Law (bachelor of civil law, BCL) fut créé dans les universités d'Oxford et de Cambridge comme un grade de la faculté supérieure de droit civil.
BarreauLe barreau est l'ordre professionnel des avocats. C'est un organisme professionnel, administratif et juridictionnel de défense et de régulation de la profession des avocats. Chaque avocat, pour exercer sa profession, doit appartenir à un barreau. Il peut se situer au niveau provincial, comme au Québec ou au niveau local. L'Ordre des avocats au Québec se nomme le Barreau du Québec, duquel tous les avocats sont membres, en plus d'un barreau de section. En Suisse, le barreau est organisé au niveau cantonal et l'on parle plus couramment du registre cantonal.
Admission to the bar in the United StatesAdmission to the bar in the United States is the granting of permission by a particular court system to a lawyer to practice law in the jurisdiction. Each U.S. state and jurisdiction (e.g. territories under federal control) has its own court system and sets its own rules and standards for bar admission. In most cases, a person is admitted or called to the bar of the highest court in the jurisdiction and is thereby authorized to practice law in the jurisdiction.
Bar (law)In law, the bar is the legal profession as an institution. The term is a metonym for the line (or "bar") that separates the parts of a courtroom reserved for spectators and those reserved for participants in a trial such as lawyers. In the United Kingdom, the term "the Bar" refers only to the professional organization for barristers (referred to in Scotland as advocates); the other type of UK lawyer, solicitors, have their own body, the Law Society. Correspondingly, being "called to the Bar" refers to admission to the profession of barristers, not solicitors.
Law schoolA law school (also known as a law centre, college of law, or faculty of law) is an institution or professional school specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a judge, lawyer, or other legal professional within a given jurisdiction. In Argentina, lawyers-to-be need to obtain an undergraduate degree in law in order to practice the profession, as opposed to the US system in which a law degree is not obtained until successfully completing a postgraduate program.
ProcureurDans les pays de droit romano-germanique, le procureur est le représentant du ministère public chargé de la poursuite en justice, ou le représentant du gouvernement auprès de certains tribunaux. Son titre et ses fonctions exactes varient selon les systèmes juridiques. Dans les pays de common law, un procureur est au sens large un avocat qui représente une partie quelconque et dans un sens plus étroit, le terme désigne un avocat qui représente l'État.
AdvocateAn advocate is a professional in the field of law. Different countries' legal systems use the term with somewhat differing meanings. The broad equivalent in many English law–based jurisdictions could be a barrister or a solicitor. However, in Scottish, Manx, South African, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Scandinavian, Polish, Israeli, South Asian and South American jurisdictions, "Advocate" indicates a lawyer of superior classification. "Advocate" is in some languages an honorific for lawyers, such as "Adv.
Legal educationLegal education is the education of individuals in the principles, practices, and theory of law. It may be undertaken for several reasons, including to provide the knowledge and skills necessary for admission to legal practice in a particular jurisdiction, to provide a greater breadth of knowledge to those working in other professions such as politics or business, to provide current lawyers with advanced training or greater specialisation, or to update lawyers on recent developments in the law.
SolliciteurLe solliciteur est un type d'avocat du qui pratique la postulation, le conseil, la rédaction d'actes sous seing privé et de pièces de procédure, la négociation immobilière, et toute autre fonction extrajudiciaire. C'est un juriste généraliste et auxiliaire de justice des pays de tradition de droit anglais, que sont le Royaume-Uni, Hong Kong, l'Irlande, l'Australie et la Nouvelle-Zélande, l'Inde, anciennement présent au Canada, mais absent aux États-Unis (voir infra).
