Résumé
Dissent is an opinion, philosophy or sentiment of non-agreement or opposition to a prevailing idea or policy enforced under the authority of a government, political party or other entity or individual. A dissenting person may be referred to as a dissenter. The term's antonyms include agreement, consensus (when all or nearly all parties agree on something) and consent (when one party agrees to a proposition made by another). In philosophical skepticism, particularly that of Pyrrhonism, the existence of dissent is a rationale for suspending judgment regarding the issue associated with the dissent. Dissent in this respect appears as one of the tropes in the Five Modes of Agrippa, pointing to the uncertainty demonstrated by the differences of opinions among philosophers and people in general. Political dissent Freedom of speechCivil disobedience and Sedition Political dissent is a dissatisfaction with or opposition to the policies of a governing body. Expressions of dissent may take forms from vocal disagreement to civil disobedience to the use of violence. In some political systems, dissent may be formally expressed by way of opposition politics, while politically repressive regimes may prohibit any form of dissent, leading to suppression of dissent and the encouragement of social or political activism. Individuals who do not conform or support the policies of certain states are known as "dissidents". Several thinkers have argued that a healthy society needs not only to protect, but also to encourage dissent. Heresy Heresy is any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, in particular the accepted beliefs of a church or religious organization. A heretic is a proponent of such claims or beliefs. Heresy is distinct from both apostasy, which is the explicit renunciation of one's religion, principles or cause, and blasphemy, which is an impious utterance or action concerning God or sacred things. The term is usually used to refer to violations of important religious teachings, but is used also of views strongly opposed to any generally accepted ideas.
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Méthode du consensus
Dans le monde politique et technique et dans les groupes, tout ou partie des acteurs ont souvent besoin d'appuyer leurs choix et décisions stratégiques sur des « preuves » rationnelles et scientifiques. Or ils sont souvent confrontés à des incertitudes. Pour réduire cette incertitude diverses méthodes ont été au cours du élaborées et affinées, dont les conférences de consensus qui aboutissent parfois à des résultats provisoires mais plus ou moins relativement consensuels. C'est un des moyens de résolution non violente de conflits.
Philosophical skepticism
Philosophical skepticism (UK spelling: scepticism; from Greek σκέψις skepsis, "inquiry") is a family of philosophical views that question the possibility of knowledge. It differs from other forms of skepticism in that it even rejects very plausible knowledge claims that belong to basic common sense. Philosophical skeptics are often classified into two general categories: Those who deny all possibility of knowledge, and those who advocate for the suspension of judgment due to the inadequacy of evidence.
Prise de décision
vignette|Lorsqu'il s'agit de prendre une décision, il est bon de savoir que des situations différentes nécessitent une approche différente. Il n'y a pas de façon unique de penser/d'agir. la plupart du temps, nous errons dans l'espace du désordre, sans savoir ce qui se passe, sans savoir comment agir. Dans ce cas, nous avons tendance à entrer dans l'espace avec lequel nous nous sentons le plus à l'aise et à commencer à agir. Lorsque vous avez trouvé le Saint Graal, la solution unique pour chaque problème, vous feriez mieux de faire attention.