Pneumatique (véhicule)

Résumé

thumb|L'Éclair, à châssis Peugeot et à moteur Daimler, équipé des premiers pneumatiques automobile Michelin, en 1895. thumb|Le pneumatique bat (provisoirement) l'essieu (fin des années 1900). thumb|Pneumatique Samson sur Continental en 1905 (Concours de la roue, à Puteaux). thumb|La roue increvable élastique 'EL' (1907). Un pneu, apocope de pneumatique, forme abrégée de bandage pneumatique , est, par opposition au bandage plein, un objet à l'état solide, souple, de forme torique, fabriqué à partir de gomme, de textiles et de métaux. Il est conçu pour être monté sur la jante d'une roue et gonflé avec un gaz sous pression, habituellement de l'air ou de l'azote. Il assure le contact de la roue avec le sol, procurant une certaine adhérence, un amortissement des chocs et des vibrations facilitant ainsi le déplacement des véhicules terrestres et autres véhicules en configuration terrestre. Secteur économique thumb|Un pneumatique d'automobile moderne. Fabrication de pneumatiques

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumatique_(v%C3%A9hicule)

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Publications associées (3)

Chargement

Publications associées

Chargement

Personnes associées

Chargement

Unités associées

Chargement

Concepts associés (46)

Concepts associés

Chargement

Cours associés (12)

Cours associés

Chargement

Séances de cours associées (21)

Afficher plus

Séances de cours associées

Chargement

Publications associées (3)

Bioaccessibility of Organic Compounds Associated with Tire Particles Using a Fish In Vitro Digestive Model: Solubilization Kinetics and Effects of Food Coingestion

Florian Frédéric Vincent Breider, Dominique Grandjean, Luke Christopher Harris, Thibault Béranger Masset, Kristin Schirmer

Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) account for an important part of the polymer particles released into the environment. There are scientific knowledge gaps as to the potential bioaccessibility of chemicals associated with TRWP to aquatic organisms. This study investigated the solubilization and bioaccessibility of seven of the most widely used tire-associated organic chemicals and four of their degradation products from cryogenically milled tire tread (CMTT) into fish digestive fluids using an in vitro digestion model based on Oncorhynchus mykiss. Our results showed that 0.06–44.1% of the selected compounds were rapidly solubilized into simulated gastric and intestinal fluids within a typical gut transit time for fish (3 h in gastric and 24 h in intestinal fluids). The environmentally realistic scenario of coingestion of CMTT and fish prey was explored using ground Gammarus pulex. Coingestion caused compound-specific changes in solubilization, either increasing or decreasing the compounds’ bioaccessibility in simulated gut fluids compared to CMTT alone. Our results emphasize that tire-associated compounds become accessible in a digestive milieu and should be studied further with respect to their bioaccumulation and toxicological effects upon passage of intestinal epithelial cells.

2022

Chargement

, , , , ,

Tire and road wear particles (TRWP) account for an important part of the polymer particles released into the environment. There are scientific knowledge gaps as to the potential bioaccessibility of chemicals associated with TRWP to aquatic organisms. This study investigated the solubilization and bioaccessibility of seven of the most widely used tire-associated organic chemicals and four of their degradation products from cryogenically milled tire tread (CMTT) into fish digestive fluids using an in vitro digestion model based on Oncorhynchus mykiss. Our results showed that 0.06% to 44.1% of the selected compounds were rapidly solubilized into simulated gastric and intestinal fluids within a typical gut transit time for fish (3 h in gastric and 24 h in intestinal fluids). The environmentally realistic scenario of coingestion of CMTT and fish prey was explored using ground Gammarus pulex. Coingestion caused compound-specific changes in solubilization, either increasing or decreasing the compounds’ bioaccessibility in simulated gut fluids compared to CMTT alone. Our results emphasize that tire-associated compounds become accessible in a digestive milieu and should be studied further with respect to their bioaccumulation and toxicological effects upon passage of intestinal epithelial cells.

2022

Chargement

Path-loss and car-body-effect characterization for smart tires communications at UWB and ISM bands

Cyril Botteron, Pierre-André Farine, Saeed Ghamari, Yi Guo, Christian Robert, Gabriele Tasselli

Next generation of smart tires will improve the safety and stability of the vehicle by monitoring road parameters, such as pavement and rolling conditions, with sensors placed on tire surface. Between the tread and the metal belt of the tire there are only few millimeters of rubber, therefore high miniaturization is necessary to withstand at the extremely high accelerations and to fit in this very limited room. Such kind of miniaturization poses huge limitations on antenna efficiency and available power likely provided by energy scavengers. Therefore, the optimization of the wireless power budget is crucial and it passes through the study of the communication channel. This paper presents a characterization setup that measures the path-loss from the tire surface to the inside of the car where the standard RF receivers, such as RKE at 434 MHz and Bluetooth at 2.4 GHz, are usually located. A calibration procedure has been employed in order to de-embed car-body-effects from the overall path-loss. Moreover, a 4.1 GHz UWB radio has also been considered in this study motivated by the extremely low-power consumption reached by UWB transmitters. The measurement results reflect a complex propagation environment where the car body attenuation plays a marginal role. Instead, the antenna pattern and the reflections from the environment cause the largest attenuation. Moreover, the observed link budget margin is larger and more suitable for implementation within the ISM bands than for the UWB band.

IEEE2014

Chargement